נְחִילָה

a flute

Definition

The Hebrew noun נְחִילָה (nᵉchîylâh) refers to a musical instrument, specifically a type of flute or pipe. It is used in the title of Psalm 5, where the psalm is to be performed 'upon the Nehiloth' (עַל־הַנְּחִילוֹת), indicating a musical setting for flutes. The word appears only in its plural form in the Bible, suggesting it may refer to a set or ensemble of such instruments. While the exact design is uncertain, it was clearly a wind instrument used in Israelite worship and lamentation.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the Old Testament, in the superscription of Psalm 5:1 (לַמְנַצֵּחַ עַל־הַנְּחִילוֹת מִזְמוֹר לְדָוִד). Here, it functions as a musical direction, instructing the performance of the psalm to be accompanied by flutes. Its singular occurrence in a liturgical context highlights its specific role in temple worship music.

Etymology

The word נְחִילָה is likely a denominative noun derived from the root ח־ל־ל (ḥ-l-l), meaning 'to pierce' or 'to bore,' which is also the root for the common word for flute, חָלִיל (ḥālîl, H2485). This etymological connection emphasizes the instrument's construction as a pierced or hollow tube. The noun form נְחִילָה may carry a collective or abstract sense related to the act of playing such instruments.

Semantic Range

While the word itself is a simple noun for an instrument, its use in Psalm 5 connects it to the rich tradition of Israelite worship. The psalms were not merely poems but were performed with specific musical accompaniment as acts of corporate prayer and praise. Understanding that this psalm was set 'for the flutes' reminds modern readers that biblical worship engaged the whole person and involved artistic, musical expression directed toward God. It underscores the intentionality and beauty woven into Israel's liturgical life.

Flutes like the נְחִילָה were common wind instruments in the ancient Near East, made from reeds, wood, or bone. They were used in various settings, from joyful celebrations (1 Kings 1:40) to times of mourning (Jeremiah 48:36) and, as seen here, in formal worship. The specific term in Psalm 5 likely indicates a particular type or set of flutes used by the Levitical musicians in the temple orchestra, contributing to the solemn and melodic atmosphere of the service.

חָלִיל (ḥālîl, H2485) — The more common general term for a flute or pipe, used in various secular and religious contexts. עוּגָב (ʿûḡāḇ, H5748) — Another wind instrument, often translated 'pipe' or 'flute,' possibly a reed instrument.

Word Details