ὁλοκληρία

perfect soundness

Definition

The Greek word ὁλοκληρία (oloklēria) denotes a state of perfect soundness, wholeness, and completeness. It specifically refers to a condition of being entirely intact, without any impairment or deficiency. In its sole New Testament occurrence in Acts 3:16, it describes the 'perfect soundness' given to the lame man healed by Peter and John at the temple gate. This encompasses not just physical healing but a restoration to full, integrated health.

Biblical Usage

ὁλοκληρία is used only once in the New Testament, in Acts 3:16. In this context, Peter explains that the healing of the lame man was accomplished through faith in the name of Jesus, resulting in the man's 'perfect soundness' (ὁλοκληρία) in the presence of all the people. The usage is in a narrative of miraculous healing, emphasizing the comprehensive and undeniable nature of the restoration.

Etymology

Derived from the adjective ὅλος (holos, meaning 'whole' or 'complete') and the noun κλῆρος (klēros, meaning 'lot' or 'portion'), the word carries the fundamental idea of having one's entire allotted portion intact. It implies a totality and integrity that leaves nothing missing or broken.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it captures the holistic nature of salvation and restoration in Christ. The healing in Acts 3:16 is a sign of the Kingdom of God, where Jesus reverses the effects of the Fall and makes people whole. Understanding ὁλοκληρία enriches reading by showing that God's power through Christ aims not merely at fixing a problem but at restoring individuals to complete integrity—a concept that extends to spiritual and emotional wholeness as well as physical.

In the Greco-Roman world, wholeness and physical perfection were highly valued, often associated with divine favor and ideal human condition. A physical infirmity like lameness could marginalize a person religiously and socially, as it might be seen as a barrier to full participation in temple worship. The granting of 'perfect soundness' (ὁλοκληρία) would therefore be understood as a profound religious and social reintegration, demonstrating superior divine power.

ὑγίεια (hygieia, G5199) — focuses more narrowly on physical health and wellness. σωτηρία (sōtēria, G4991) — a broader term for salvation, deliverance, and preservation, often with spiritual and eternal dimensions. τελείωσις (teleiōsis, G5050) — emphasizes the process or state of completion, perfection, or fulfillment.

Word Details

Scripture References