ὅμοιος

like, similar to

Definition

The adjective ὅμοιος means 'like,' 'similar to,' or 'resembling.' It is used to draw comparisons, indicating that one person, thing, or situation is analogous to another. In the Gospels, it often introduces parables, comparing the kingdom of heaven to something familiar, such as a mustard seed (Matthew 13:31) or leaven (Matthew 13:33). It can also describe people being 'like' others in character or action, as in the parable where Jesus says 'this generation is like children' (Matthew 11:16). In some contexts, it implies being 'of equal rank' or status.

Biblical Usage

ὅμοιος is used 43 times in the New Testament, predominantly in the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke) to introduce similitudes and parables about the kingdom of God. For example, the kingdom is 'like' a treasure, a pearl, or a net (Matthew 13:44-47). It is also used in comparisons of human character, as in the parable of the workers in the vineyard (Matthew 20:1). The word appears less frequently in other books, such as in Revelation to describe visionary figures (e.g., Revelation 1:13, 4:3).

Etymology

Derived from the Greek root ὁμός (homos), meaning 'same' or 'common.' The suffix -οιος forms an adjective indicating likeness. Cognates include ὁμοιόω (homoióō, G3666, 'to make like') and ὁμοίωμα (homoiōma, G3667, 'likeness'). The word fundamentally expresses the idea of similarity or sameness in kind or appearance.

Semantic Range

ὅμοιος is theologically significant as the primary word Jesus uses to introduce his parables, which are central to his teaching about the kingdom of God. By saying 'the kingdom of heaven is like...', Jesus uses familiar, earthly realities to reveal profound spiritual truths, making the ineffable nature of God's reign accessible. Understanding this Greek term highlights how Jesus' teaching method relies on analogy to bridge human experience and divine mystery. It also appears in Christological contexts, such as describing the Son as being 'like' the Father (e.g., Philippians 2:7, though a different Greek word is used there, the concept is related).

In the ancient Greco-Roman world, comparisons and analogies were common in teaching and rhetoric. Jesus' use of ὅμοιος to launch parables aligns with this cultural practice, using everyday images (farming, fishing, domestic life) that his audience would instantly recognize. This made abstract spiritual concepts tangible. The modern reader should appreciate that these similes were not just illustrations but were meant to provoke thought and reveal truth through resonant, familiar patterns.

παραβολή (parabolē, G3850) — a 'parable' or comparison laid alongside, often introduced by ὅμοιος; ὁμοίωμα (homoiōma, G3667) — a 'likeness' or concrete form that results from being made similar; παραπλήσιος (paraplēsios, G3897) — 'near to,' 'almost like,' emphasizing close proximity rather than direct resemblance.

Word Details

Scripture References