παγιδεύω

I ensnare, entrap

Definition

The verb παγιδεύω means to ensnare, entrap, or catch in a trap. It carries the literal sense of capturing an animal using a snare or trap, but in its sole New Testament use, it is employed metaphorically to describe a deliberate, cunning attempt to entangle someone in their words or actions, with the intent to expose or condemn them. In Matthew 22:15, the Pharisees use this strategy, seeking to 'ensnare' Jesus in his speech. The word implies a malicious, premeditated plot, not a simple mistake or accidental conflict.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in Matthew 22:15. It describes the specific, hostile strategy of the Pharisees and Herodians who, after plotting together, approach Jesus with a question about paying taxes to Caesar. Their explicit goal is to 'ensnare him in his talk' (ESV). The usage is entirely metaphorical, depicting a verbal and theological trap set with deceptive intent.

Etymology

Derived from the noun παγίς (pagis, G3803), meaning 'a trap, snare, or noose.' The verb form παγιδεύω literally means 'to trap with a παγίς.' This root connection strongly colors its meaning, emphasizing the sudden, inescapable, and often deadly nature of the entrapment, whether physical or, as in the NT, rhetorical.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it reveals the nature of opposition to Jesus. The attempt to 'ensnare' him highlights the calculated, deceptive hostility of the religious leaders who felt threatened by his authority and teaching. Understanding this Greek term enriches the reading of Matthew 22:15 by underscoring the serious, life-and-death stakes of the confrontation; it was not a benign debate but a trap designed to destroy Jesus's credibility or provide grounds for accusation. It illustrates the spiritual battle between truth and deceptive schemes.

In the ancient world, traps and snares (παγίδες) were common and deadly tools for hunting. The imagery would have been immediately vivid to the original audience, conveying a sense of hidden danger, cunning, and a victim caught unawares. The metaphorical use to describe a verbal ambush was a natural extension, reflecting a culture where rhetorical contests and legal accusations could have severe consequences.

πειράζω (peirazō, G3985) — to test or tempt, often with a hostile intent, but broader than just verbal entrapment. δολιόω (dolioō, G1387) — to deceive, use guile; focuses more on the deceitful method than the trapping result.

Word Details

Scripture References