παλαιόω
I make old, declare obsolete
Definition
The verb παλαιόω means 'to make old' or 'to declare obsolete.' In its active voice, it describes causing something to become old or worn out, as in Hebrews 1:11, where the heavens and earth will 'wear out' like a garment. In the passive voice, it means 'to grow old' or 'become obsolete,' as seen in Hebrews 8:13, where the old covenant is described as 'obsolete' and ready to vanish. In Luke 12:33, it is used literally for possessions that 'grow old' and wear out, illustrating the impermanence of earthly treasures.
Biblical Usage
This word appears only three times in the New Testament, each in a distinct context. In Luke 12:33, it is used literally for material possessions wearing out. In Hebrews 1:11, it is applied metaphorically to the created universe. In Hebrews 8:13, it carries a theological weight, describing the old covenant as obsolete in light of the new. All uses highlight transience or supersession.
Etymology
Derived from the adjective παλαιός (palaios, G3820), meaning 'old' or 'ancient.' The verb form means 'to make or become old.' It is related to the idea of age, wear, and the passage of time, with cognates in other Greek words for oldness and antiquity.
Semantic Range
This word is theologically significant, especially in Hebrews, where it underscores the contrast between the old and new covenants. It teaches that the Mosaic covenant was provisional and has been superseded by Christ's superior work (Hebrews 8:13). Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by clarifying the intentional language of obsolescence and fulfillment in God's redemptive plan.
In the ancient world, where materials like cloth, leather, and parchment visibly deteriorated with age, the concept of 'growing old' carried a tangible sense of decay and impermanence. This physical reality informed the metaphorical use for covenants and creation, emphasizing their temporary nature compared to what is eternal.
παλαιός (palaios, G3820) — the adjective 'old,' describing age or antiquity, not the process of becoming old. ἀρχαῖος (archaios, G744) — 'ancient,' often referring to something old in time or origin, without the connotation of wearing out.
Word Details
How this works
Definitions are from the Dodson Greek-English Lexicon, a concise public-domain resource suitable for introductory word study. Brief glosses are supplemented by STEPBible TBESG data (CC BY 4.0). For advanced research, standard scholarly references include BDAG (Danker, 3rd ed.) and LSJ.
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