παραχειμάζω

I pass the winter

Definition

The verb παραχειμάζω means to spend the winter, to winter at or in a place. It specifically denotes remaining in a location for the duration of the winter season, often implying a deliberate choice or necessity due to travel conditions. In the New Testament, it is used both literally for physical overwintering and metaphorically for an extended, intentional stay. For example, in Acts 27:12, it refers to the sailors' plan to winter in a harbor, while in 1 Corinthians 16:6, Paul uses it to express his hope to spend an extended period with the Corinthian believers.

Biblical Usage

This word is used four times in the New Testament, always in travel or ministry planning contexts. In Acts 27:12, it describes the nautical decision to seek safe harbor for the winter. In Acts 28:11, it notes the completion of a three-month winter stay on Malta. Paul uses it figuratively in 1 Corinthians 16:6 and Titus 3:12 to discuss his travel plans and desired extended visits with fellow Christians for teaching and fellowship.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition παρά (para, meaning 'beside, alongside') and the verb χειμάζω (cheimazō, meaning 'to be stormy, to spend the winter'). The compound suggests the idea of being 'alongside' or 'in' a place during the winter. The root χειμάζω itself comes from χειμών (cheimōn), meaning 'winter' or 'storm.'

Semantic Range

While primarily a practical travel term, παραχειμάζω gains theological significance in Paul's epistles. In 1 Corinthians 16:6 and Titus 3:12, it transitions from a mere description of seasonal delay to an expression of intentional, extended Christian fellowship and discipleship. Paul's desire to 'winter' with believers highlights the importance of sustained, personal investment in spiritual community and teaching, contrasting with brief, transactional visits. Understanding this nuance enriches the reading of these passages, revealing pastoral care and strategic ministry planning.

In the ancient Mediterranean, sea travel was notoriously dangerous during the winter months (roughly November to March) due to storms and poor visibility. The common practice of 'wintering' was a vital safety measure, halting major voyages. This cultural reality provides crucial background for the narrative in Acts 27-28 and explains why Paul's travel plans in his letters often hinged on seasonal timing. The word implies a necessary pause, often in a foreign port, which could last several months.

μένω (menō, G3306) — A more general term for 'remain' or 'abide,' without the specific seasonal connotation of παραχειμάζω.

Word Details

Scripture References