παραδειγματίζω

I put to open shame

Definition

The verb παραδειγματίζω means to put someone to open shame or public disgrace, often as a deterrent example. In Matthew 1:19, Joseph, thinking Mary had been unfaithful, considered 'making a public example' of her through divorce, which would expose her to social humiliation. In Hebrews 6:6, the sense is more severe: it describes apostates who, by rejecting Christ, are metaphorically 'crucifying the Son of God all over again and subjecting him to public disgrace.' Here, the shame is not merely social but a profound spiritual reproach against Christ himself.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the New Testament, in distinct contexts. In Matthew 1:19, it describes a potential private legal action (divorce) that would have public, shameful consequences in a Jewish social setting. In Hebrews 6:6, it is used theologically and metaphorically to describe the ultimate disgrace brought upon Christ by those who fall away from the faith. Both uses involve making something private into a public spectacle of reproach.

Etymology

Derived from παρά (para, 'beside, alongside') and the root related to δείκνυμι (deiknumi, 'to show') or δείγμα (deigma, 'example, specimen'). The compound suggests placing something beside others as a visible example, often a negative one meant to warn. It conveys the idea of exposing or displaying something to invite public judgment and scorn.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it highlights the gravity of sin against Christ. In Hebrews 6:6, it underscores the severe offense of apostasy—not just a personal failure but an act that publicly shames the crucified Lord. Understanding this Greek term deepens the reader's grasp of the honor-shame dynamics in the biblical world and the serious consequences of rejecting God's grace, contrasting human shame (Matthew 1:19) with the cosmic shame inflicted upon Christ.

In the ancient Mediterranean world, honor and shame were core social values. To 'make a public example' (παραδειγματίζω) was a powerful social sanction, destroying a person's reputation and standing in the community. Joseph's contemplated action in Matthew 1:19 would have publicly labeled Mary as an adulteress, a status with devastating social and economic repercussions. This cultural backdrop makes the metaphorical use in Hebrews 6:6 even more potent, as it applies this intense social reality to a spiritual truth.

ὀνειδίζω (oneidizō, G3679) — to reproach or revile, often verbally, while παραδειγματίζω focuses on public exposure and disgrace. ἐντρέπω (entrepō, G1788) — to put to shame, often with a sense of causing someone to turn away in respect or embarrassment, less focused on public spectacle.

Word Details

Scripture References