φράσσω

I stop, close up

Definition

The verb φράσσω means to stop, close up, or obstruct. In its literal sense, it refers to physically shutting or blocking something, such as closing a mouth (Romans 3:19) or stopping the mouths of lions (Hebrews 11:33). Figuratively, it describes the act of silencing someone or rendering them unable to speak or argue. In the New Testament, it is used exclusively in these two contexts, emphasizing a forceful cessation of speech or action.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the New Testament, both times in a figurative sense to describe silencing. In Romans 3:19, Paul uses it to explain how the law stops every mouth, holding all humanity accountable before God. In Hebrews 11:33, it appears in the 'Hall of Faith,' describing the heroes who, by faith, 'stopped the mouths of lions,' referencing events like Daniel in the lions' den. Both instances convey a complete and effective act of shutting or restraining.

Etymology

Derived from the ancient Greek verb φράσσω (phrassō), meaning 'to fence in, block, or stop up.' It is related to words like φραγμός (phragmos, G5418) meaning 'a fence' or 'hedge,' indicating a barrier. The root idea is of creating an obstruction or enclosure that prevents passage or action.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it vividly illustrates human accountability before God and the power of faith. In Romans 3:19, it underscores the law's role in silencing human self-justification, proving universal guilt and the need for grace. In Hebrews 11:33, it highlights faith as a divine power that overcomes mortal threats, showcasing God's supernatural protection for those who trust Him. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by emphasizing the completeness of being 'stopped' or 'silenced' before divine truth.

In the ancient Greco-Roman world, 'stopping the mouth' was a common metaphor for winning an argument or legally convicting someone, rendering them speechless. The imagery of stopping lions' mouths would resonate with cultures familiar with wild animal spectacles in arenas and stories of divine deliverance, like the account of Daniel. The concept carried a strong sense of definitive, public silencing or overcoming.

κλείω (kleiō, G2808) — to shut or lock, often used for doors/gates; more physical. σιωπάω (siōpaō, G4623) — to be silent or quiet; focuses on voluntary or imposed silence without the forceful 'stopping' connotation.

Word Details

Scripture References