πιέζω

I press down

Definition

The verb πιέζω (piezō) means to press down, compress, or pack together. In its primary sense, it describes applying physical pressure to something, such as pressing down a substance into a container. This action is vividly illustrated in its sole New Testament occurrence in Luke 6:38, where it is used metaphorically in the phrase 'pressed down, shaken together, and running over' to describe a generous measure. The imagery conveys the idea of ensuring a container is as full as possible by compressing its contents and then adding even more.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in Luke 6:38. It appears within Jesus's teaching on generosity and judgment: 'Give, and it will be given to you. A good measure, pressed down, shaken together and running over, will be poured into your lap.' Here, πιέζω is part of a trio of actions ('pressed down,' 'shaken together') that depict a merchant ensuring a grain or dry good measure is maximally full for the recipient, transforming a common marketplace practice into a spiritual principle.

Etymology

The word πιέζω is a primary verb in Greek. It is related to the concept of pressure or compression. Cognates and related words include πιέζομαι (the passive or middle voice) and potentially connect to ideas of weight or force, though its root is not definitively traced to another common Greek word. Its meaning remained consistent in describing the physical act of pressing.

Semantic Range

Though used only once, πιέζω carries significant theological weight in its context. It enriches the doctrine of God's generous grace and the principle of sowing and reaping. The imagery assures believers that God's reciprocal blessing is not meager but abundant and overflowing. Understanding this Greek term highlights the extravagant nature of divine generosity compared to human standards, emphasizing that God gives 'good measure' beyond mere fairness.

In the ancient marketplace, dry goods like grain or flour were measured by volume. A generous seller would press the contents down into the measuring container, shake it to settle the contents and eliminate air pockets, and then heap on more until it overflowed. This practice ensured the buyer received the maximum possible amount. Jesus uses this well-understood cultural image of honest and abundant dealing to illustrate the nature of God's blessings in response to human generosity.

θλίβω (thlibō, G2346) — to press, oppress, or afflict, often with a sense of trouble or tribulation, whereas πιέζω is more neutral and physical. βιάζω (biazō, G971) — to force, constrain, or apply violent pressure, with a stronger sense of force.

Word Details

Scripture References