πόμα

drink

Definition

The Greek word πόμα (poma) is a neuter noun meaning 'drink' or 'that which is drunk.' In its two New Testament occurrences, it refers specifically to a liquid consumed for drinking. In 1 Corinthians 10:4, it is used metaphorically, describing the spiritual 'drink' provided by the rock that accompanied the Israelites in the wilderness, which Paul identifies as Christ. In Hebrews 9:10, the term is used literally within a list of Old Testament ceremonial regulations concerning 'foods and drinks,' which are contrasted with the new order established by Christ.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the New Testament, in two distinct contexts. In 1 Corinthians 10:4, it is used in a typological and spiritual sense, referring to the supernatural provision for Israel. In Hebrews 9:10, it is used in a literal, historical sense, categorizing the various ceremonial washings and regulations of the old covenant. Both uses appear in epistles that contrast the old and new covenants.

Etymology

Derived from the verb πίνω (pinō, G4095), meaning 'to drink.' It is a straightforward nominal formation meaning 'that which is drunk' or 'a drink.' It is related to other Greek words for drink, such as ποτήριον (potērion, G4221) for 'cup' and πόσις (posis, G4213) for the act of drinking.

Semantic Range

Theologically, πόμα is significant in its contrastive usage. In 1 Corinthians 10:4, it points to Christ as the ultimate spiritual sustenance, prefiguring the Lord's Supper and the believer's communion with Him. In Hebrews 9:10, it represents the external, temporary regulations of the Mosaic law that could not cleanse the conscience, highlighting the superiority of Christ's sacrifice which provides true, internal cleansing. Understanding this word enriches the contrast between shadow and substance in biblical theology.

In the ancient world, 'drink' often carried religious and communal significance, extending beyond mere physical sustenance. Shared drinks were part of sacrificial meals and covenant ceremonies. The reference in Hebrews 9:10 to ceremonial 'drinks' likely includes libations or ritual washings, practices that were culturally understood as part of maintaining ritual purity under the Law.

ποτήριον (potērion, G4221) — a cup or vessel for drinking; πόσις (posis, G4213) — the act of drinking or a draught; πῶμα (pōma, G4188 alternate spelling) — identical in meaning, a variant spelling.

Word Details

Scripture References