Σαμουήλ

Samuel

Definition

Σαμουήλ (Samuel) refers to the Hebrew prophet, judge, and anointer of kings who served as a pivotal leader in Israel's transition from the period of the judges to the monarchy. In the New Testament, he is consistently presented as a key prophetic figure from Israel's history. In Acts 3:24, he is cited as the beginning of the prophetic line, while Acts 13:20 highlights his role as a judge. Hebrews 11:32 includes him in the 'Hall of Faith' as an example of faithfulness.

Biblical Usage

The name Σαμουήλ is used only three times in the New Testament, always to invoke his authoritative historical and prophetic role. In Acts 3:24 and Acts 13:20, speakers (Peter and Paul) reference Samuel to ground their messages in Israel's prophetic tradition and history, validating their arguments from Scripture. In Hebrews 11:32, his name is listed among other heroes of faith, emphasizing his faithful service as part of the cloud of witnesses.

Etymology

Σαμουήλ is a direct transliteration of the Hebrew name שְׁמוּאֵל (Shemu'el). Its Hebrew etymology is debated but is often understood to mean 'name of God' or 'heard by God,' reflecting the narrative of his birth in 1 Samuel 1:20. The Greek form is used without semantic change, simply importing the proper name into the Greek text.

Semantic Range

Samuel is theologically significant as a model prophet and a pivotal figure at a major covenant transition in Israel's history. He represents the continuity of God's prophetic word (Acts 3:24) and faithful leadership under God's authority, contrasting human kingship. Citing him in the New Testament connects the apostolic message to the established prophetic tradition, showing the fulfillment of God's promises across both testaments.

In first-century Jewish and Greco-Roman culture, Samuel was a revered historical figure from the Hebrew Scriptures. Referencing him carried significant weight, as he was seen as an authoritative prophet, the anointer of the first kings (Saul and David), and a symbol of righteous leadership. This cultural recognition made him an effective reference point for New Testament authors speaking to audiences familiar with the Jewish scriptures.

προφήτης (prophētēs, G4396) — A general term for 'prophet'; Samuel is a specific, named example of this office. κριτής (kritēs, G2923) — A 'judge' or 'ruler'; Samuel served as a judge of Israel (Acts 13:20).

Word Details

Scripture References