σαργάνη

a basket

Definition

The Greek word σαργάνη (sarganē) refers specifically to a basket made of woven or twisted cords, often constructed from rope or wicker. In the New Testament, it describes the container used to lower Paul from the city wall of Damascus to escape his persecutors (2 Corinthians 11:33). This type of basket was likely sturdy and flexible, suitable for holding a person and being lowered over a wall. Unlike other Greek words for basket (like κόφινος or σπυρίς), σαργάνη emphasizes a basket made from plaited or intertwined materials, which could be a large, net-like container.

Biblical Usage

Σαργάνη is used only once in the New Testament, in 2 Corinthians 11:33. In this autobiographical passage, the Apostle Paul recounts his dramatic escape from Damascus, stating he was let down in a σαργάνη through a window in the city wall. The usage is purely descriptive, highlighting the physical means of his escape in a narrative of hardships endured for the gospel.

Etymology

The word σαργάνη is of Greek origin, derived from the verb σαργανόω (sarganoō), meaning 'to twist' or 'to plait.' This root directly relates to the method of construction—twisting cords or fibers together to form a basket. Cognates in ancient Greek literature also use the term for various woven or netted containers, reinforcing its association with flexible, intertwined materials.

Semantic Range

While σαργάνη itself is a mundane object, its single biblical occurrence in 2 Corinthians 11:33 carries theological weight within Paul's argument. Paul lists this humiliating escape as part of his 'boasting' in weaknesses to contrast with false apostles (2 Corinthians 11:30). The basket becomes a symbol of his vulnerability and God's deliverance, enriching the reader's understanding of Paul's humility and reliance on God's power in persecution.

In the ancient Greco-Roman world, baskets like the σαργάνη were common for transporting goods or people, especially in situations requiring durability and flexibility. Lowering someone in such a basket was a known method of escape from a besieged city, as seen in other historical accounts. This contrasts with modern, often rigid baskets, highlighting its practical, rope-like construction suited for clandestine descents.

κόφινος (kophinos, G2894) — a smaller, rigid basket often used for carrying food, like in the feeding of the 5,000 (Matthew 14:20). σπυρίς (spyris, G4711) — a larger basket or hamper, used for collecting leftovers (Matthew 15:37) or lowering Paul (Acts 9:25).

Word Details

Scripture References