σαρόω

I sweep

Definition

The verb σαρόω means 'to sweep' or 'to clean by sweeping.' It describes the physical action of using a broom to clear a floor or area, as seen in the Parable of the Lost Coin (Luke 15:8), where a woman sweeps her house diligently searching. In a metaphorical sense, it depicts a state of being 'swept clean' or put in order, but empty and vulnerable, as in Jesus' teaching about an unclean spirit returning to a house swept clean and put in order (Matthew 12:44, Luke 11:25).

Biblical Usage

σαρόω is used three times in the New Testament, all in the Gospels. It appears once in a straightforward, literal sense in Luke 15:8. The other two occurrences in Matthew 12:44 and Luke 11:25 are identical, using the word metaphorically within Jesus' teaching on spiritual emptiness. The pattern shows it moving from a simple domestic action to illustrate a profound spiritual condition.

Etymology

Derived from the noun σαρόν (saron), meaning 'a broom' or 'sweeping brush.' It is a straightforward verbal form indicating the action performed with that tool. Cognates are rare, emphasizing its basic, concrete meaning.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant in its metaphorical use. It illustrates the danger of a merely negative spiritual state—being 'swept clean' of an evil spirit but left empty, without being filled with God's presence and truth. It underscores Jesus' teaching that defeating evil is not enough; one must be positively occupied by the Holy Spirit and the kingdom of God to avoid a worse fate (Matthew 12:43-45). Understanding this Greek term enriches the parable by highlighting the thoroughness of the cleaning that still proves insufficient without positive replacement.

In the ancient Near Eastern context, houses often had dirt floors, making sweeping a regular and necessary domestic task for cleanliness and finding lost items. A 'swept' house represented order and preparedness. This cultural understanding makes the metaphor in Jesus' teaching powerfully relatable: an ordered but empty life is inviting to greater spiritual disaster.

καθαρίζω (katharizō, G2511) — a broader term for cleansing or purifying, often used in ritual or moral contexts, not specifically by sweeping. κοσμέω (kosmeō, G2885) — means to put in order, adorn, or arrange, sharing the 'order' aspect but not the action of removal.

Word Details

Scripture References