σχῆμα

fashion, habit, form, appearance

Definition

σχῆμα refers to the outward form, appearance, or fashion of something—its external, often temporary, shape or arrangement. In the New Testament, it emphasizes the transient, changeable nature of the present world order, as seen in 1 Corinthians 7:31, where 'the form (σχῆμα) of this world is passing away.' It also denotes the specific manner or condition in which something appears, such as the human likeness Christ took on in Philippians 2:8, being found 'in fashion (σχῆμα) as a man.' The word does not describe the inner essence or permanent nature, but the observable, external presentation.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the New Testament, both in epistles. In 1 Corinthians 7:31, Paul uses σχῆμα to describe the fleeting, external structure of the present age, urging believers to live with detachment from it. In Philippians 2:8, it describes the outward human form and circumstances Jesus assumed in the incarnation—His visible, humble appearance as a man. Both uses highlight a contrast between a temporary, visible state and a deeper, enduring reality.

Etymology

Derived from the Greek verb ἔχω (echō, G2192), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold,' σχῆμα fundamentally denotes 'that which is held' or 'a form.' It is related to the concept of a figure, shape, or posture. Cognates include σχηματίζω (schēmatizō, G4964), 'to fashion' or 'conform.' The word was used in broader Greek for the external form, plan, or even a theatrical costume, emphasizing appearance over inherent substance.

Semantic Range

σχῆμα is theologically significant as it underscores the temporary, external nature of the present world and Christ's voluntary humiliation. In 1 Corinthians 7:31, it reminds believers that the current world system is transient, shaping a perspective of holy detachment. In Philippians 2:8, it highlights the incarnation: Jesus took on the genuine outward form and conditions of human life, yet without sin, to accomplish salvation. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by clarifying that Christ's humanity was real in appearance and experience, while His divine essence remained unchanged.

In ancient Greek culture, σχῆμα could refer to a figure in rhetoric, a geometric shape, or even a actor's costume on stage, emphasizing something changeable and not necessarily reflecting inner truth. This background informs its biblical use: the 'form of this world' is like a passing scene, and Christ's human 'fashion' was a temporary role He assumed for redemption, distinct from His eternal nature. The contrast between outward appearance and inner reality was a recognizable concept.

μορφή (morphē, G3444) — denotes the essential, inherent form or nature, not merely external appearance (used in Philippians 2:6-7 for Christ's divine form). εἶδος (eidos, G1491) — refers to outward visible form or kind, but can imply the look perceived by the eye (as in Luke 3:22, 'in bodily form').

Word Details

Scripture References