Σήμ

Shem

Definition

Σήμ (Shem) is the Greek form of the Hebrew name שֵׁם, referring to Shem, the eldest son of Noah (Genesis 5:32). In the biblical narrative, Shem is a key patriarch through whom the line of promise is traced, notably to Abraham and ultimately to Jesus Christ. His significance is primarily genealogical, as he is listed as an ancestor in the lineage of Jesus in Luke 3:36, connecting the Messiah back to Noah and the post-flood covenant. The name itself means 'name' or 'renown' in Hebrew, reflecting his role as a foundational figure in biblical history.

Biblical Usage

In the New Testament, Σήμ is used only once, in Luke 3:36, within the genealogy of Jesus. It appears in a list of ancestors, serving to establish Jesus' historical and theological lineage from Adam through the patriarchs. This singular usage highlights its role in affirming the continuity of God's redemptive plan from Noah to Christ, without any variation in meaning across contexts.

Etymology

Σήμ is a direct transliteration of the Hebrew name שֵׁם (Šēm), meaning 'name' or 'renown.' It entered Greek through the Septuagint (the Greek translation of the Old Testament), where it was used to refer to Noah's son. The Greek form retains the phonetic and semantic essence of the Hebrew original, without significant derivation or change in meaning.

Semantic Range

Shem is theologically important as a link in the covenant lineage from Noah to Abraham and Jesus, underscoring the unity of Scripture and God's faithfulness across generations. His inclusion in Luke's genealogy (Luke 3:36) emphasizes Jesus' connection to all humanity, including the righteous line preserved through the flood. Understanding this Greek term enriches Bible reading by highlighting how the New Testament intentionally roots the gospel in Old Testament history and promise.

In the ancient Near Eastern context, names like Shem often carried descriptive meanings ('name' or 'renown') that reflected character or destiny. As Noah's son, Shem was part of a patriarchal society where lineage defined identity and inheritance. His role in Genesis 9:18-27, where he is blessed for honoring his father, established him as an ancestor of the Semitic peoples, including Israelites, which would have been understood by first-century readers familiar with Jewish traditions.

No direct Greek synonyms exist for this proper name. Related genealogical terms include: πατήρ (patēr, G3962) — a general term for 'father' or 'ancestor'; and γενεά (genea, G1074) — meaning 'generation' or 'family line,' often used in contexts like Luke 3:36.

Word Details

Scripture References