שָׁפָת

a (double) stall (for cattle); also a (two-pronged) hook (for flaying animals on)

Definition

The Hebrew word שָׁפָת refers to a specific type of fixture used in ancient Israelite life, primarily meaning a double stall or a two-pronged hook. In its agricultural sense, it denotes a dual compartment for housing cattle, as seen in the temple vision of Ezekiel 40:43. In a more specialized context, it describes a two-pronged hook used for handling or flaying sacrificial animals, as referenced in the poetic imagery of Psalm 68:13. Both uses share the core idea of a bifurcated or double structure designed for securing or processing animals.

Biblical Usage

This word appears only twice in the Old Testament, each time with a distinct nuance tied to its context. In Ezekiel 40:43, it is used in a detailed architectural description of the future temple, specifying 'double hooks' (or stalls) attached to tables for preparing sacrifices. In Psalm 68:13 (verse 12 in Hebrew), it appears metaphorically; the poet describes those who 'remain at the sheepfolds' (or, by a possible textual reading, 'by the double hooks'), depicting a scene of domestic security and prosperity following God's victory.

Etymology

The noun שָׁפָת is derived from the root verb שָׁפַת (H8239), meaning 'to set, to place, or to put.' This root conveys the idea of establishing something in a fixed location. The noun form thus naturally developed to signify a fixed, placed object—specifically a fixture like a stall or a hook designed to hold or secure something else in place.

Semantic Range

While a concrete object, this word contributes to significant theological imagery. In Ezekiel, its precise description underscores the order, provision, and meticulous care God designs into worship and sacrifice. In Psalm 68, its potential metaphorical use in the phrase 'by the double hooks' enriches a picture of God's people dwelling in safety and enjoying the spoils of His deliverance, moving from a tool of labor to a symbol of blessed rest.

In ancient Israel, the 'double stall' was a practical feature in livestock management, allowing for efficient handling of animals. The 'two-pronged hook' was likely a specialized butchering tool used in the sacrificial system, designed to securely hold large pieces of meat during preparation or cooking. This reflects a culture where agricultural life and ritual practice were deeply intertwined, with everyday tools being adapted for sacred purposes.

אֵבוּס (ʾêḇûs, H18) — a general term for a feeding trough or manger, not specifically a double stall. מִזְבֵּחַ (mizbēaḥ, H4196) — the altar for sacrifice, the central structure where the prepared meat from the hooks would ultimately be offered.

Word Details

Scripture References