σινδών

a linen cloth

Definition

Σινδών refers to a fine linen cloth, typically of high quality. In the New Testament, it specifically denotes the linen sheet used to wrap Jesus' body for burial (Matthew 27:59, Mark 15:46, Luke 23:53). It can also refer to a linen garment, as seen in the unusual incident where a young man flees naked, leaving behind his σινδών (Mark 14:51-52). The word consistently indicates a valuable textile, distinct from ordinary cloth.

Biblical Usage

This word appears five times, exclusively in the Gospels. It is used in two distinct contexts: three times in the synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke) for the burial cloth of Jesus, emphasizing the dignity and honor of his entombment. The other two occurrences are in Mark 14:51-52, describing a linen garment worn by a mysterious young man who flees at Jesus' arrest. This creates a literary connection within Mark's narrative between the cloths of arrest and burial.

Etymology

The word σινδών is a direct borrowing from Greek, likely of foreign origin. It is related to the Hebrew word 'sadin' (סדין), also meaning a linen sheet or garment, indicating a shared cultural term for fine cloth across the Eastern Mediterranean.

Semantic Range

Σινδών is theologically significant as it is intimately connected to the burial of Jesus Christ. The use of a fine linen cloth underscores the honor and care given to his body, contrasting with a criminal's disgraceful burial. It points to the reality of his death and the prepared, dignified tomb, setting the stage for the resurrection. In Mark's unique account (Mark 14:51-52), the abandoned linen garment may symbolize the shame and stripping associated with Jesus' arrest, or represent a disciple fleeing empty-handed, foreshadowing the abandonment of Jesus.

In the ancient world, σινδών indicated a costly, fine linen fabric, often imported. Its use for burial shrouds, especially for someone of status, was a sign of respect and proper burial rites. The young man wearing a σινδών in Mark 14 likely signifies someone of means or special circumstance, making his sudden flight and nakedness particularly striking and shameful in that culture.

ὀθόνη (othonē, G3608) — a general term for linen or a linen sheet, used for the sail of a ship in Acts 27:40. λίνον (linon, G3043) — the raw material, flax or linen thread. σουδάριον (soudarion, G4676) — a smaller cloth for wiping the face or head (e.g., John 11:44, 20:7).

Word Details

Scripture References