σκορπίζω

I disperse

Definition

The Greek verb σκορπίζω (skorpizō) primarily means 'to scatter' or 'to disperse.' In a literal sense, it describes the scattering of a flock of sheep when a hired hand abandons them (John 10:12). Figuratively, it can mean to dissipate or waste resources, as in the prodigal son's actions (implied in Luke 15:13). In a positive sense, it is used for the generous distribution of gifts or alms, as cited from Psalm 112:9 in 2 Corinthians 9:9. The word also carries a strong metaphorical meaning of causing division or being at odds with someone, as Jesus states in Matthew 12:30 and Luke 11:23.

Biblical Usage

σκορπίζω is used five times in the New Testament across Gospels and an Epistle. In the Gospels, it appears in Jesus' teachings about spiritual alignment (Matthew 12:30, Luke 11:23) and in the Good Shepherd discourse (John 10:12). It also describes the disciples being scattered after Jesus' arrest (John 16:32). In Paul's writing, it is used positively in a quotation about charitable giving (2 Corinthians 9:9). The usage shifts from negative (scattering a flock, causing division) to a positive, purposeful act of distribution.

Etymology

Derived from the noun σκορπίος (skorpios), meaning 'scorpion,' the verb σκορπίζω originally evoked the image of a scorpion's rapid, stinging movement or the scattering effect of its strike. Over time, it generalized to mean any act of scattering or dispersing, losing its direct connection to the animal but retaining the sense of sudden or forceful separation.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it illustrates both human and divine actions. Negatively, it depicts the spiritual danger of being 'scattered' from Christ (Matthew 12:30) and the vulnerability of God's people without their shepherd. Positively, in 2 Corinthians 9:9, it describes the righteous act of generous giving, which God rewards. Understanding this range highlights the choice between being scattered from God's purpose or actively scattering one's resources for His kingdom.

In an agrarian society, the image of scattering sheep (John 10:12) would immediately convey vulnerability, chaos, and danger from predators. The hired hand's abandonment was a recognized failure of duty. The positive use concerning alms (2 Corinthians 9:9) reflects the high cultural and religious value placed on charitable distribution to the poor in both Jewish and Greco-Roman contexts.

διασπείρω (diaspeirō, G1289) — to scatter abroad, often used of the Jewish Diaspora or widespread dispersion. λύω (luō, G3089) — to loose or untie; can mean to break up but lacks the forceful, dispersive connotation of σκορπίζω.

Word Details

Scripture References