σθενόω

I strengthen

Definition

The verb σθενόω means 'to strengthen,' 'to make strong,' or 'to establish.' In its single New Testament occurrence, it describes God's action of strengthening believers after a period of suffering. The term conveys the idea of imparting inner fortitude, stability, and resilience. It is used in a context of divine restoration and confirmation, where God Himself is the source of the strength provided to His people.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in 1 Peter 5:10. It appears in a pastoral context where the apostle Peter encourages persecuted Christians. The usage is part of a promise: after believers have suffered for a little while, the God of all grace will 'strengthen' (σθενόω) them. The verb is in the future tense, pointing to God's definitive, completing action of establishing believers.

Etymology

Σθενόω is derived from the Greek noun σθένος (sthenos), meaning 'strength,' 'might,' or 'vigor.' It is a verb formed from this root, literally meaning 'to make strong' or 'to empower.' Cognates in classical Greek often relate to physical strength, but in the Koine period and biblical usage, it can encompass spiritual and moral strengthening as well.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it highlights God's active role in sustaining His people through trials. It underscores that Christian perseverance is not self-generated but is a gift of divine grace. Understanding this Greek term enriches the reading of 1 Peter 5:10 by emphasizing that the believer's ultimate establishment is a sovereign, future, and certain act of God, completing the work of salvation and providing hope in suffering.

In the Greco-Roman world, strength (σθένος) was often celebrated in physical, military, or heroic terms. Peter's application subverts this by applying the concept to the inner, spiritual fortitude granted by God to a marginalized and suffering community. This reframes strength not as a display of power but as divine sustenance in weakness.

κραταιόω (krataioō, G2901) — to empower or make strong, often with a focus on growing in strength or being confirmed; στηρίζω (stērizō, G4741) — to fix firmly, establish, or support, often in the sense of strengthening resolve or faith.

Word Details

Scripture References