συγκαθίζω

I cause to sit down with, sit down together

Definition

The verb συγκαθίζω means 'to sit down together with' or 'to cause to sit down together.' It denotes the act of taking a seat in company with others, implying shared physical presence and often shared activity or status. In Luke 22:55, it describes Peter sitting down among the servants and officers in the high priest's courtyard, a scene of ordinary, communal sitting. In Ephesians 2:6, however, the meaning is elevated: it refers to God causing believers to be seated together with Christ in the heavenly realms, indicating a shared position of honor and authority.

Biblical Usage

This verb is used only twice in the New Testament, in two distinct contexts. In the narrative of Luke 22:55, it is used in a literal, physical sense for Peter sitting with a group in a courtyard. In the theological exposition of Ephesians 2:6, it is used figuratively and spiritually to describe the believer's exalted position in Christ. This shows the word can function in both mundane and profoundly theological settings.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition σύν (syn, meaning 'with' or 'together') and the verb καθίζω (kathizō, meaning 'to sit down' or 'to seat'). It is a compound verb that intensifies the act of sitting by adding the communal sense of 'together with.' Cognates include the simpler καθίζω and the noun καθέδρα (kathedra, 'seat').

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant in Ephesians 2:6, where it is a key term in Paul's description of salvation. It underscores the doctrine of union with Christ, emphasizing that believers share in Christ's resurrection, exaltation, and authority. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by highlighting that our salvation is not just forgiveness but a promotion to a co-reigning position with Jesus.

In the ancient Mediterranean world, sitting together, especially for a meal or in a council, often signified fellowship, shared identity, or equal status. The act in Luke 22:55 would be seen as Peter identifying with that group. The spiritual 'sitting together' in Ephesians would resonate with the imagery of sharing a king's throne, a powerful metaphor for honor and shared rule.

καθίζω (kathizō, G2523) — The simpler base verb meaning 'to sit down' or 'to seat,' without the inherent 'together with' connotation. ἀνακλίνω (anaklinō, G347) — To recline at a table, often for a meal; emphasizes posture and setting more than the communal act of sitting.

Word Details

Scripture References