συμμερίζομαι

I partake with

Definition

The verb συμμερίζομαι means to share in something together with others or to have a joint participation. It conveys the idea of mutual partaking, where individuals collectively receive a portion or benefit. In its only New Testament occurrence in 1 Corinthians 9:13, it specifically refers to those who serve at the temple sharing in the temple's offerings. The word emphasizes a communal distribution, not merely an individual receipt, highlighting partnership in the benefits provided.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in 1 Corinthians 9:13. Here, Paul employs it in an argument about ministers' right to support, drawing an analogy from the Old Testament practice where temple servants shared in the food sacrifices offered at the altar. The context is rhetorical, using a known cultural and religious practice to illustrate a principle of mutual provision within Christian ministry.

Etymology

Συμμερίζομαι is a compound verb formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the verb μερίζομαι (merizomai), meaning 'to divide' or 'to distribute.' Thus, it literally means 'to divide together with' or 'to share jointly.' The root μερίζομαι comes from μέρος (meros), meaning 'a part' or 'portion,' emphasizing the concept of receiving a share.

Semantic Range

Though used only once, this word enriches the theological understanding of partnership and support in ministry. It underscores that spiritual service warrants material provision, a principle Paul extends to Christian workers. Understanding this Greek term highlights the continuity between Old Testament temple service and New Testament ministry, emphasizing that those who serve God's people are entitled to share in the community's resources, reinforcing themes of mutual care and equity in the body of Christ.

In the first-century Greco-Roman and Jewish world, temple service was a recognized occupation where priests and Levites received portions of sacrifices for their sustenance (cf. Numbers 18:8-32). Paul's audience would immediately grasp this cultural reference, making his argument about apostolic support compelling. The concept of sharing in temple offerings was a familiar, tangible example of reciprocal provision within a religious community.

κοινωνέω (koinōneō, G2841) — emphasizes fellowship or communion in a broader sense, often spiritual; μετέχω (metechō, G3348) — focuses on simply partaking or sharing in something, without the inherent 'together with' nuance.

Word Details

Scripture References