σύμψυχος

of one accord

Definition

The adjective σύμψυχος (sympsychos) literally means 'united in soul' or 'of one mind.' It describes a profound unity of thought, purpose, and feeling among individuals, going beyond mere agreement to a shared inner disposition. In its single New Testament occurrence, it is used to describe the ideal state of harmony within the Christian community. There are no distinct biblical senses, as it appears only once, emphasizing a singular, cohesive spiritual and emotional alignment.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in Philippians 2:2. Here, the Apostle Paul urges the Philippian church to be 'like-minded, having the same love, being of one accord (σύμψυχοι), of one mind.' It is part of a cluster of terms Paul uses to paint a picture of perfect Christian unity, which serves as the foundation for the ethical exhortations that follow, including the famous Christ-hymn of Philippians 2:5-11.

Etymology

Σύμψυχος is a compound adjective formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and ψυχή (psychē), meaning 'soul,' 'life,' or 'inner self.' Its formation directly conveys the idea of 'sharing a soul' or 'being joined in spirit.' It is related to other 'syn-' compounds in the New Testament that emphasize communal unity, such as συγκοινωνός (partner) and συμμορφίζω (conformed together).

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it defines the quality of unity essential for the health and witness of the church. It moves unity from an external organizational principle to an internal, spiritual reality of shared purpose and affection rooted in Christ. Understanding this Greek term enriches the reading of Philippians 2 by showing that the call to humility and service (Philippians 2:3-4) is predicated on this deep, soul-level harmony among believers, which itself flows from having the 'mind of Christ' (Philippians 2:5).

In the Greco-Roman world, philosophical schools and voluntary associations prized homonoia (like-mindedness) as a social ideal. For Paul, however, this unity is not based on shared philosophy or social benefit but is a supernatural work of the Spirit within the body of Christ. The call to be σύμψυχοι would have challenged the individualistic and status-conscious culture of the Roman colony of Philippi, presenting a counter-cultural model of community.

ὁμόφρων (homophrōn, G3675) — emphasizes being of the same mind or purpose. ἕνωσις (henōsis, G1775) — the state or act of being united, more abstract. ὁμοθυμαδόν (homothymadon, G3661) — emphasizes unity of passion or impulse, often in action.

Word Details

Scripture References