σύνειμι

I am with

Definition

The verb σύνειμι means 'to be with' or 'to be present with' someone. It specifically denotes being in the company of another person, emphasizing a state of close association or accompaniment. In its two New Testament occurrences, it carries this core sense of physical presence. In Luke 9:18, it describes Jesus being alone with his disciples, setting a scene of intimate teaching. In Acts 22:11, it describes the men who were traveling with Paul, highlighting their shared journey and experience.

Biblical Usage

This verb is used only twice in the New Testament, both times in narrative contexts to describe a group of people being physically together. In Luke 9:18, it sets a private scene for Jesus' pivotal question about his identity ('as he was alone praying, his disciples were with him'). In Acts 22:11, it describes Paul's companions on the road to Damascus ('the men who were with me'). In both cases, it simply denotes the physical presence of companions without additional metaphorical nuance.

Etymology

σύνειμι is a compound verb formed from the preposition σύν (syn, G4862), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the verb εἰμί (eimi, G1510), meaning 'I am.' Its formation is straightforward, literally meaning 'I am with.' This transparent etymology directly informs its consistent meaning of being present in company with others.

Semantic Range

The concept of 'being with' someone was significant in ancient Mediterranean culture, which highly valued group identity, hospitality, and the social bonds formed through shared travel and companionship. A person's companions (οἱ σύνειμι) were often seen as an extension of their social circle and responsibility. This cultural backdrop makes the simple statement of presence in Luke 9:18 and Acts 22:11 carry weight, as it defines the group privy to a significant event or revelation.

εἰμί μετά (eimi meta, G1510 + G3326) — A common phrase also meaning 'I am with,' often used with a dative object. σύνειμι is a single, less common compound verb. πάρεσμι (paresmi, G3918) — Means 'I am present,' but can be more general (e.g., present in a place) rather than specifically 'with' a person. συνέρχομαι (synerchomai, G4905) — Means 'I come/go together with,' focusing on the movement of assembling, whereas σύνειμι focuses on the state of being together.

Word Details

Scripture References