συνθρύπτω

I break in pieces, crush, thoroughly weaken

Definition

The verb συνθρύπτω means to break or crush something into pieces, often with a sense of thoroughness or completeness. It conveys the idea of shattering or weakening something so that it is no longer functional or whole. In its single New Testament occurrence in Acts 21:13, it is used metaphorically to describe the emotional state of being 'broken-hearted' or deeply distressed. The prefix 'σύν' intensifies the action, suggesting a crushing together or a complete breaking.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in Acts 21:13. The Apostle Paul, on his journey to Jerusalem, tells his companions not to 'break [his] heart' (μὴ συνθρύπτοντές μου τὴν καρδίαν) with their weeping and pleas for him not to go, as he is prepared to face imprisonment and suffering. Here, it is employed in a figurative, emotional context rather than a literal, physical one, describing profound inner anguish.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition σύν (syn, G4862), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the verb θρύπτω (thryptō), meaning 'to break' or 'to crush.' The compound form intensifies the root meaning, emphasizing a complete or shattering break. Cognates or related concepts include the idea of fragmentation or being thoroughly weakened.

Semantic Range

Though used only once, this word highlights a significant moment of apostolic resolve and emotional depth. Paul's willingness to have his heart 'crushed' for the sake of his mission underscores the cost of discipleship and the profound human emotion involved in faithful obedience. Understanding this Greek term enriches the reading of Acts 21:13 by emphasizing the intensity of the internal conflict and Paul's sacrificial commitment, which is not merely about physical suffering but deep relational and emotional cost.

In the ancient Greco-Roman world, the 'heart' (καρδία) was considered the center of thought, will, and emotion. The concept of a 'broken heart' or being emotionally crushed would have been understood as a severe inner affliction, not just sadness. The metaphorical use aligns with Hebrew poetic imagery (e.g., Psalm 34:18, 'The Lord is near to the brokenhearted'), which may have influenced Luke's writing, bridging cultural understandings of deep distress.

συντρίβω (syntribō, G4937) — also means to break or crush, but often in a more literal, physical sense (e.g., breaking bones, crushing vessels). συνθρύπτω carries a stronger connotation of internal, emotional shattering.

Word Details

Scripture References