Ταβηθά

Tabitha, antelope

Definition

Ταβηθά (Tabitha) is the Greek transliteration of the Aramaic name טביתא (Tabitha), which means 'gazelle' or 'antelope'. In the New Testament, it is used exclusively as the personal name of a Christian disciple in Joppa, known for her good works and acts of charity (Acts 9:36). The name's literal meaning, 'gazelle', evokes grace and beauty, but the narrative focuses entirely on the woman herself. The word does not appear in a zoological sense in the biblical text; its only meaning is as a proper name.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only in the Book of Acts, specifically in the story of Peter raising a disciple from the dead. It appears twice: first to introduce her as "a disciple named Tabitha" who became ill and died (Acts 9:36), and later when Peter addresses her directly, saying, "Tabitha, arise" (Acts 9:40). Its usage is strictly as a personal name within a narrative of miraculous restoration.

Etymology

Ταβηθά is a direct transliteration into Greek from the Aramaic name טביתא (Ṭabīthā), which means 'gazelle'. The Aramaic word itself is related to the Hebrew צְבִי (tsᵉvî, H6643), also meaning 'gazelle' or 'roe'. The name was common in the Semitic world, symbolizing grace and beauty. The Greek text simply adopts the Aramaic name without translation.

Semantic Range

The story of Tabitha is theologically significant as it demonstrates the power of the early church and the apostolic ministry of Peter, mirroring the miracles of Jesus. Her restoration to life underscores the value of charitable service within the Christian community and serves as a catalyst for many in Joppa to believe in the Lord (Acts 9:42). Understanding that her name means 'gazelle' adds a layer of poetic grace to her character, but the primary theological weight lies in the resurrection account and its impact on the church.

In the ancient Near East, names often carried descriptive meanings. 'Tabitha' (gazelle) was a common female name, reflecting qualities like grace, beauty, and swiftness—positive attributes for a woman. The narrative highlights her cultural role as a maker of tunics and other garments, a vital act of charity for widows and the poor in her community (Acts 9:39). Her Aramaic name also reflects the bilingual environment of early Palestinian Christianity.

Δορκάς (Dorkas, G1393) — This is the Greek translation of the Aramaic name Tabitha, also meaning 'gazelle'. It is used interchangeably in Acts 9:36, identifying the same person.

Word Details

Scripture References