τάγμα

rank, division

Definition

The Greek word τάγμα (tagma) primarily means a 'rank,' 'division,' or 'order' within a structured sequence. In its sole New Testament occurrence in 1 Corinthians 15:23, it refers to a specific, divinely appointed order or group in the resurrection of the dead. While the core meaning denotes an organized arrangement, its biblical usage emphasizes a sequence determined by authority, not merely a random grouping. The term implies a purposeful, successive arrangement, much like military units or processional orders in ancient contexts.

Biblical Usage

Τάγμα is used only once in the New Testament, in 1 Corinthians 15:23. Here, Paul employs it to describe the sequential order of the resurrection: 'But each in his own order (tagma): Christ the firstfruits, then at his coming those who belong to Christ.' The context is eschatological, outlining the stages of resurrection victory. The word functions to clarify that the general resurrection of believers is not a single, chaotic event but occurs in a specific, authoritative sequence following Christ's own resurrection.

Etymology

Τάγμα is derived from the verb τάσσω (tassō, G5021), meaning 'to arrange,' 'to appoint,' or 'to order.' It is a noun form indicating the result of that ordering—an arranged body or sequence. Cognates include terms like τάξις (taxis, G5010), meaning 'arrangement' or 'order.' The root conveys strong connotations of appointed placement and structured authority, often used in military and administrative contexts for organized divisions.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant for understanding biblical eschatology and the doctrine of resurrection. In 1 Corinthians 15:23, it underscores the sovereignty and order of God's redemptive plan. The resurrection is not a universal, simultaneous event but occurs in a divinely orchestrated sequence, with Christ as the foundational firstfruits and believers following. Understanding τάγμα enriches reading by highlighting the purposeful, orderly nature of God's victory over death, assuring believers of their appointed place in this ultimate timeline.

In the Greco-Roman world, τάγμα was a common term for a military division or rank, such as a cohort or battalion. It conveyed a sense of structured hierarchy and precise arrangement. This cultural background informs its biblical usage, as Paul's audience would have readily understood the concept of a purposeful, authoritative order. The term differs from a modern, more generic understanding of a 'group' by emphasizing appointed sequence and structured authority within a larger plan.

τάξις (taxis, G5010) — A more general term for 'order' or 'arrangement,' often of a sequence or position, without the specific connotation of a ranked division. τάγμα implies a distinct unit within an order.

Word Details

Scripture References