τότε

then

Definition

τότε is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time,' primarily indicating temporal sequence or logical consequence. It often marks a pivotal moment in a narrative, signaling the next event in a sequence, as when Jesus was led into the wilderness 'then' (τότε) after his baptism (Matthew 4:1). It can also denote a logical or consequential 'then,' as in the conclusion of an argument, such as in Matthew 7:23 where Jesus states, 'And then (τότε) I will declare to them...' based on their actions. In prophetic or eschatological contexts, it points to a specific future time, like the events 'then' that will follow the abomination of desolation (Matthew 24:15-16).

Biblical Usage

Used 157 times in the New Testament, τότε is most frequent in the Gospels (especially Matthew) and Revelation, often structuring narrative flow. It commonly introduces the next action in a story (e.g., Matthew 2:7, Herod 'then' secretly called the magi) or the consequence of a preceding statement (e.g., Matthew 3:5, 'Then Jerusalem and all Judea...' went out to John). In Matthew's Gospel, it frequently appears in Jesus' teachings to mark logical conclusions (e.g., the 'then' in the Lord's Prayer, Matthew 6:9). In apocalyptic passages like Matthew 24, it sequences end-time events.

Etymology

Derived from the demonstrative pronoun τό (to, 'the') and the enclitic particle τε (te, 'and'), τότε literally means 'at the (that) time.' It is related to the adverb τόθι (tothi, 'there'), emphasizing a specific point in time. Its formation is straightforward, combining a definite article with a particle to create a temporal marker, common in ancient Greek.

Semantic Range

Theologically, τότε is significant for understanding biblical chronology and divine timing, especially in prophecy and eschatology. It highlights the fulfillment of God's plans, as in Matthew 24:30 where the Son of Man appears 'then' after tribulation. In passages like Matthew 25:31, 'When the Son of Man comes... then he will sit on his glorious throne,' it underscores the certainty and order of future judgment. Recognizing its use enriches reading by clarifying whether 'then' indicates simple sequence or a divinely ordained consequence, aiding interpretation of Jesus' teachings and apocalyptic literature.

In ancient Greek culture, τότε was a common temporal marker without special cultural nuance, similar to modern 'then.' Its understanding aligns with contemporary usage, marking sequence or consequence in time. No significant cultural difference from modern interpretation exists, though its frequency in biblical narrative reflects a stylistic preference for clear chronological progression.

εἶτα (eita, G1534) — also 'then,' but often used in a more sequential, step-by-step narrative list. ἔπειτα (epeita, G1899) — 'thereafter' or 'afterward,' emphasizing what follows next in time. ὅτε (hote, G3753) — 'when,' introducing a temporal clause rather than an adverb. οὖν (oun, G3767) — 'therefore' or 'then,' more logical/inferential than temporal.

Word Details

Scripture References