τραπεζίτης

a money-changer, banker

Definition

Τραπεζίτης refers to a money-changer or banker in the ancient world. In its primary sense, it denotes a person who exchanges currencies, often for a fee, which was essential in a society using various coinages. More broadly, it can describe a banker who receives deposits, lends money at interest, and conducts financial transactions. In the New Testament, this term appears only in the Parable of the Talents (Matthew 25:27), where it specifically illustrates the concept of earning interest on deposited money.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in Matthew 25:27. In this verse, Jesus uses it within a parable to critique the servant who buried his talent. The master tells the servant he should have at least deposited the money with the τραπεζίτης (bankers) to earn interest. The usage is metaphorical, serving to highlight the expectation of faithful and productive stewardship of what God has entrusted.

Etymology

Derived from the Greek word τράπεζα (trapeza, G5132), meaning 'table' or 'bank.' A τραπεζίτης is literally 'one at the table,' referring to the table where money was counted and exchanged. The term evolved from the physical setting of a money-changer's table to denote the profession itself, similar to how 'bank' in English originates from the 'bench' (banca) of medieval money-lenders.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it appears in a key parable about stewardship and the kingdom of heaven. It underscores the biblical principle that God's people are called to be active, fruitful, and wise with the resources and gifts (talents) entrusted to them, rather than being passive or fearful. Understanding this term enriches the reading of Matthew 25:14-30 by clarifying that the expected action was a normal, prudent financial practice, making the servant's inaction even more blameworthy.

In the first-century Greco-Roman world, τραπεζίτης were essential figures in commerce and daily life. Temples often served as early banks, and money-changers were necessary because Roman, Greek, and local currencies all circulated, and Jewish temple tax had to be paid in specific Tyrian shekels. Their tables were common in marketplaces and temple courts. The profession could be viewed with suspicion due to potential dishonesty, but the activity itself was a standard part of the economy.

ἀργυραμοιβός (argyramoibos, G2855) — a more specific term for a money-changer, often one operating in the temple precincts. κερματιστής (kermatistēs, no direct Strong's) — a money-changer, specifically one who exchanges large coins for small change.

Word Details

Scripture References