τύφω

I raise smoke

Definition

The verb τύφω (typhō) literally means 'to raise smoke' or 'to smolder.' In its most basic sense, it describes the action of something burning without a visible flame, producing smoke. In the New Testament, this literal meaning is used metaphorically. In Matthew 12:20, it describes a 'smoldering wick,' a nearly extinguished flax lamp wick that is still producing smoke. This metaphorical usage conveys the idea of something weak, fragile, or nearly extinguished but not yet completely gone.

Biblical Usage

Τύφω is used only once in the New Testament, in Matthew 12:20, where it quotes Isaiah 42:3. It is part of a description of the Servant of the Lord (fulfilled in Jesus): 'A bruised reed he will not break, and a smoldering wick he will not quench.' Here, the word is used in a prophetic context to illustrate the gentle, restorative, and preserving nature of the Messiah's ministry toward the weak and struggling.

Etymology

The word τύφω is a primary verb in Greek. It is related to the noun τῦφος (typhos, G5187), which means 'smoke' or 'vapor,' and by extension, 'pride' or 'haughtiness' (as something insubstantial and blinding). The core idea of the root relates to producing smoke or a hazy condition. The metaphorical extension from literal smoke to describing a dimly burning wick is a natural development within the language.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it paints a powerful picture of God's compassion and Christ's mission. The image of not quenching a 'smoldering wick' in Matthew 12:20 reveals Jesus's gentle care for those whose faith or life is fragile, weak, or nearly extinguished. It underscores the grace and patience of God, who does not discard the broken but tenderly restores them. Understanding this Greek metaphor enriches our view of the Savior's heart for the weary and downtrodden.

In the ancient world, lamps with flax wicks were common household items. A 'smoldering wick' was a familiar sight—a wick that had burned low, produced more smoke than light, and needed to be trimmed or reignited. It was essentially useless for illumination and often snuffed out to be replaced. Jesus's statement that he would not quench such a wick would have been a striking contrast to normal practice, highlighting his intentional care to preserve and restore what others might discard.

καίω (kaiō, G2545) — A more general verb meaning 'to kindle,' 'to light,' or 'to burn' with fire, not specifically smoldering. σβέννυμι (sbennymi, G4570) — Means 'to quench' or 'extinguish,' the direct opposite action described in Matthew 12:20.

Word Details

Scripture References