יַלְקוּט

a travelling pouch (as if for gleanings)

Definition

The Hebrew word יַלְקוּט refers to a small bag or pouch used for carrying provisions, typically on a journey. It is best understood as a 'traveler's pouch' or 'scrip,' a simple bag made of leather or cloth that could hold food, small items, or gleanings from the field. Its single biblical occurrence is in 1 Samuel 17:40, where David selects five smooth stones and places them in his יַלְקוּט before facing Goliath. The word carries the connotation of something humble and utilitarian, associated with shepherds, travelers, or those gathering gleanings.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the Old Testament, in 1 Samuel 17:40. In this context, David uses his יַלְקוּט (translated as 'scrip' or 'bag' in most versions) to carry the five smooth stones he gathered from the stream before his confrontation with Goliath. The usage is practical and descriptive, highlighting David's simple, shepherd-based equipment in contrast to Goliath's heavy armor. It appears in a narrative setting, emphasizing preparedness and resourcefulness with humble tools.

Etymology

יַלְקוּט is a noun derived from the root לָקַט (lāqaṭ, H3950), which means 'to gather, collect, or glean.' The noun form essentially means 'a gathering bag' or 'a pouch for collected items.' This etymological connection reinforces the idea of the bag as a container for things that have been picked up or gathered, whether provisions for a journey or, as in David's case, stones from a brook.

Semantic Range

While a simple object, the יַלְקוּט in 1 Samuel 17:40 becomes symbolically significant. It represents God's use of humble, ordinary means to achieve His purposes. David's reliance on his shepherd's pouch and sling, rather than Saul's royal armor, underscores the biblical theme that victory comes from the Lord, not human strength or equipment (1 Samuel 17:47). Understanding this term enriches the narrative by highlighting the contrast between human perception of power and God's chosen methods.

In ancient Israel, a יַלְקוּט was a common, everyday item carried by shepherds, travelers, and laborers. It was a simple, functional bag, often made of animal skin, used to carry a day's worth of food (like bread, dried fruit, or grain) or other small necessities. Its mention in David's story grounds the narrative in realistic, pastoral life. Modern readers might think of it as a small satchel or a basic backpack, essential for someone spending long hours away from home.

כִּיס (kîs, H3599) — a more general term for bag, pouch, or purse, often for money. צְרוֹר (ṣərôr, H6872) — a bundle or bag, sometimes used for carrying money or precious items, can imply something bound or wrapped. תַּרְמִיל (tarmîl, no direct Strong's) — a traveler's bag or knapsack, a later term with similar function.

Word Details

Scripture References