ὑμέτερος

your

Definition

ὑμέτερος is a possessive adjective meaning 'your' or 'yours,' specifically in the plural sense, referring to something belonging to a group of people being addressed. It denotes collective ownership or association, as seen in Jesus' declaration to his disciples, 'Blessed are you who are poor, for yours is the kingdom of God' (Luke 6:20). In some contexts, it contrasts with what belongs to others or to God, such as in John 15:20 where Jesus distinguishes between persecution directed at him versus 'your' persecution. The word consistently emphasizes a relational connection between the speaker and the group addressed.

Biblical Usage

This word appears nine times in the New Testament, primarily in the Gospels of Luke and John, and in the epistles. It is used in direct address to groups—disciples, Jewish opponents, or Christian communities—to highlight their collective responsibility, identity, or possession. For example, it marks a contrast in John 7:6 ('My time is not yet here, but your time is always opportune') and underscores stewardship in Luke 16:12 ('And if you have not been faithful in what is another's, who will give you what is your own?'). Its usage is almost exclusively in teachings or dialogues where group identity is central.

Etymology

Derived from the second person plural pronoun ὑμεῖς (hymeis, G5210), meaning 'you' (plural), with the possessive suffix -τερος. It is the plural counterpart to the singular possessive σός (sos, G4674, 'your'). The formation is standard for Greek possessive adjectives, directly linking ownership to the group being spoken to.

Semantic Range

ὑμέτερος theologically underscores the concept of communal identity and responsibility within the people of God. In passages like Luke 6:20, it highlights the transfer of divine blessing and kingdom inheritance to the community of disciples. In Romans 11:31, Paul uses it to discuss the mercy shown to Gentiles now being extended to 'your' (Israel's) benefit, emphasizing corporate salvation history. Understanding this plural 'your' enriches reading by clarifying that many promises and exhortations are directed at the believing community collectively, not just individuals.

In the Greco-Roman world, collective identity and honor were paramount. The plural 'your' would resonate strongly in a culture where family, ethnic group, or religious community defined one's social standing. This contrasts with some modern individualistic readings; when Jesus or the apostles say 'your,' they are often addressing the group as a unified body with shared stakes, which would have been intuitively understood by ancient audiences.

ὑμῶν (hymōn, G5216) — the genitive plural pronoun 'of you,' often used interchangeably but more flexible in syntax; σός (sos, G4674) — the singular possessive 'your,' for addressing one person.

Word Details

Scripture References