ὑπερυψόω

I highly exalt

Definition

The verb ὑπερυψόω means to exalt or lift up to the highest possible degree. It combines the idea of elevation (ὑψόω) with an intensive prefix (ὑπέρ), signifying an exaltation that surpasses all others. In its sole New Testament occurrence, Philippians 2:9, it describes God's supreme act of exalting the crucified and resurrected Jesus Christ, granting Him 'the name that is above every name.' This exaltation is the divine response to Christ's ultimate obedience and humiliation, resulting in His universal lordship.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in Philippians 2:9. It appears in the context of the 'Christ Hymn' (Philippians 2:6-11), which poetically narrates Christ's pre-existence, incarnation, death, and subsequent exaltation. The usage is intensely theological and celebratory, marking the climax of the hymn where God actively and supremely elevates the obedient Son. There is no pattern of general usage; its single occurrence is uniquely reserved for this supreme exaltation of Jesus.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition ὑπέρ (hyper), meaning 'over, above, beyond,' and the verb ὑψόω (hypsoō), meaning 'to lift up, exalt, or raise high.' The compound form intensifies the base verb, creating a sense of exalting to the highest or most supreme position. It is a Hellenistic Greek formation, emphasizing a superlative degree of elevation.

Semantic Range

This word is crucial for understanding the doctrine of Christ's exaltation. It underscores that Jesus's lordship is not inherent in His earthly ministry alone but is a status conferred by the Father as a direct reward for His redemptive work (Philippians 2:8-9). It highlights the pattern of humility-then-exaltation central to Christian discipleship and confirms Jesus's absolute supremacy over all creation. Understanding this intensive Greek term enriches the reader's grasp of the unparalleled honor given to Christ.

In the Greco-Roman world, exaltation (ὑψόω) was a concept associated with rulers, victors, and deities being raised to honor and power. The intensive prefix (ὑπέρ) would have communicated a surpassing, supreme level of such honor—beyond even typical imperial accolades. For Paul's audience, this term would powerfully contrast the shame of the cross with the highest conceivable cosmic honor, subverting cultural expectations of power and glory.

ὑψόω (hypsoō, G5312) — The root verb meaning 'to lift up or exalt,' used more generally (e.g., John 3:14, 12:32). ὑπερυψόω intensifies this meaning to 'exalt supremely.'

Word Details

Scripture References