ὑποχωρέω

I withdraw, retire

Definition

The verb ὑποχωρέω means to withdraw or retreat from a place or situation. In its two New Testament occurrences, it describes a deliberate, purposeful movement away from others, often for specific reasons. In Luke 5:16, it refers to Jesus withdrawing to desolate places to pray, emphasizing a retreat for spiritual communion. In Luke 9:10, it describes the apostles withdrawing with Jesus to a town called Bethsaida after their mission, indicating a retreat for rest and debriefing away from the crowds.

Biblical Usage

This word is used exclusively in the Gospel of Luke, both times describing Jesus or his disciples intentionally removing themselves from a public setting. In Luke 5:16, Jesus withdraws (ὑποχωρέω) from the crowds to pray in solitude. In Luke 9:10, upon the apostles' return from their mission, Jesus takes them and withdraws (ὑποχωρέω) privately to Bethsaida. The pattern shows a strategic retreat for purposes of prayer, rest, or private instruction following periods of intense public ministry.

Etymology

Derived from the Greek preposition ὑπό (hypo, meaning 'under' or 'from') and the verb χωρέω (chōreō, meaning 'to make room,' 'to go,' or 'to withdraw'). The compound suggests the idea of 'making room by going from under' or 'giving way by departing.' It conveys a sense of purposeful movement away to create space or separation.

Semantic Range

This word highlights a rhythm in Jesus's ministry and discipleship: engagement followed by intentional withdrawal. It underscores the theological importance of solitude, prayer, and rest as integral to spiritual life and mission, not as neglect of duty but as essential preparation and communion with God. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by revealing the deliberate, structured pattern in Christ's example between public service and private renewal.

In the ancient Greco-Roman world, withdrawal could be seen as a philosophical or strategic act for contemplation, planning, or safety. For Jesus and his followers, withdrawing to deserted places (Luke 5:16) also connected with Old Testament traditions of encountering God in the wilderness, setting it apart from a mere tactical retreat.

ἀναχωρέω (anachōreō, G402) — often used for withdrawal to avoid danger or conflict; ἀπέρχομαι (aperchomai, G565) — a more general term for 'go away' or 'depart' without the specific connotation of strategic retreat.

Word Details

Scripture References