ὑποστέλλω

I draw back, conceal

Definition

The Greek verb ὑποστέλλω (ypostellō) means to draw back, withdraw, or conceal. In its active sense, it describes a physical or metaphorical retreat, such as shrinking back from a duty or person out of fear or avoidance, as seen in Hebrews 10:38. It can also mean to hold back or conceal information, as when Paul declares he did not 'shrink from' declaring the whole counsel of God (Acts 20:20, 27). In Galatians 2:12, it describes Peter's action of withdrawing from fellowship with Gentile believers, indicating a social or relational retreat.

Biblical Usage

This verb appears four times in the New Testament, primarily in narratives about faithfulness and courage. In Acts 20:20 and 27, Paul uses it positively to affirm he did not hold back any beneficial teaching from the Ephesians. In Galatians 2:12, it describes Peter's negative withdrawal from table fellowship with Gentiles due to fear of criticism. The most theologically charged use is in Hebrews 10:38, quoting the Old Testament, where God warns that His righteous one must not 'shrink back' from faith, contrasting with those who persevere.

Etymology

Derived from ὑπό (hypo, meaning 'under') and στέλλω (stellō, meaning 'to send, set, or arrange'). The compound suggests the idea of drawing back under cover or sending oneself away from something. It shares a root with words like ἀποστέλλω (apostellō, G649 — to send away) and ἐπιστέλλω (epistellō, G1989 — to send a message), but with a distinct focus on withdrawal or concealment.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it touches on themes of faithfulness, courage, and apostolic integrity. In Hebrews 10:38-39, it becomes a key term distinguishing genuine faith from apostasy—those who 'shrink back' are contrasted with those who 'have faith and preserve their souls.' Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by highlighting the active choice required in discipleship: to stand firm or to retreat from God's call, especially under pressure.

In the Greco-Roman world, withdrawing or concealing oneself could be seen as a prudent act of self-preservation in dangerous political or social situations. However, in the New Testament context, such withdrawal often carries a negative moral or spiritual connotation when it involves compromising truth or fellowship for fear of human opinion, as illustrated by Peter's actions in Galatians 2:12.

ἀναχωρέω (anachōreō, G402) — to withdraw, often physically retreating to a place; φεύγω (pheugō, G5343) — to flee or escape from danger; κρύπτω (kryptō, G2928) — to hide or conceal, typically an object or information.

Word Details

Scripture References