Anklets

The ref. is to the metal twists and bangles of bracelet-like design worn on the ankles of Oriental women, esp. of the Bedawin and fellahin class. The musical clink of the ankleta and their ornaments, which to the wearied peasant on the rough mountain path has th9 refreshment of the bells to the Irnggage animals, is here alluded to as a social vulgarism when allected by the Ladies of the upper clas.ses, and as one of the marks of an artificial and unhealthy tone of life. G. M. Mackib.

ANNA {'Kvva, the same name as the Heb. } Ilannali, from a root meaning ' grace '). — 1. Thti wife of Tobit : ' I took to wife A. of the seed o our own family' (To P"-)- See TOBIT. 2. prophetess, the daughter of Phanuel, of the trib of Asher (Lk 2"-*). This genealogical notic makes it clear that, though Asher was no one of the ten tribes which returned to Pale.

- tine after the Babylonian Caiitivity, individuc members of the tribe had done so ; and further that Anna belonged to a family of sufficient di tinction to have preserved its genealogy. In th.i same connexion it is interesting to notice that the tribe of Asher alone is celebrated in tradition for the beauty of its women, and their fitness to bj wedded to the high pri(!st or king (for authorities, see Edersheim, ,/c.tii.i the Mcs.iin/i, vol. i. p. 200).

Uf Anna's personal history all that we know ia contained in the brief statement of St. Luke. Sha had been married for seven years, and at the tim «[poken of was not merely, as the AV suggests, eighty-four years old, but, according to the mor> correct rendering of the UV, ' hail been a widow even for fourscore and four years ' ; so th.it, supposing her to have been married at fourteen, she would now be about a hundred and five.

Throughout her long widowhood she had 'departed not from the temple,' not in the sen.se of .actually living there — for that would have been impossible, most of all for a woman — but as taking part in nil the tcmiile services, ' worshipping, witli fivstings and supplications night and clay.' It was thus that she sought to give expression to the longing which was filling her heart for the coming of the promised Messiah, and at length her faith and l)atience were rewarded. In the child .Je.

sus she was allowed to see the fulfilment of God's promise to His ancient people, and lienrefDrth was ahle to announce to all like-minded with herself the 'redemption,' as distinguished from the political deliverance of Jerusalem. G. Miixioan. ANNAS ('Aci-ot, ijo ' merciful.' Josephus'Ai'OFot), 100 ANNAS ANOINTING — 1. Son of Seth, appointed high priest A.D. 6 or 7 l>y the legate Quirinius, and deposed A.D 15 by the procurator Valerius Gratus (Jos. Ant. xvill. ii. 1, 2).

He thus lost office, but not power. ' They say that this elder An anus was most fortunate ; for he had five sons, and it happened tliat they all held the office of high priest to God, and he had himself enjoyed that dignity a long time formerly, which had never happened to any other of our high priests' (Jos. Ant. XX. ix. 1). We learn also from bt. John (18'^) that Joseph Caiaphas, hi^h priest A.D. 18-3(i, was his son-in-law.

The immense wealth of these Sadducean aristocrats was, in part at least, derived from ' the booths of the sons of Annas,' which monopolised the sale of all kinds of materials for sacrifice. These booths, according to Edersheim {Life and Times of the Messiah, iii. 5), occupied part of the temple court; D6renbourg {Essai sur I'histoire, etc.,de la Palestine, 'p. 465 sqq.)

with more probability identifies them with four booths on the Mount of Olives, a branch establish- ment of which might have been beneath the temple porches. It was the sons of Annas who made God's house ' a den of robbers ' ; and the Talmudic curse, ' Woe to the house of Annas 1 woe to their serpent- like hissings!' (or whisperings) (Pes. 57a), almost re-echoes the Saviour's denunciations. Josephus, too (Ant. XX. ix.

2-4), gives a vivid picture of the insolent rapacity and violence of the younger Ananus. Moreover, ' forty years before the de- struction of the temple tne Sanhedrin banished itself from the chamber of hewn stone (n'ljn njf'p), and established itself in the booths ' (nVijn) (D6ren- bourg, p. 465), subsequently moving ' from the booths to Jerusalem' (Rosh ha-Sh.

31a), perhaps when the booths were destroyed, three years before the destruction of the temple, in the same year in which the yoimger Ananus was murdered. Such and so powerful was the faction of which Annas was the head. The NT consistently reflects this state of things. Jesus, when arrested, is brought to Annas first (Jn 18''). He takes the leading part in the trial of the apostles (Ac 4').

That Annas is styled ' the high priest ' (Ac 4', and probably Jn 18"- ^) is not remarkable, since it is quite in accordance with the usage of Josephus, who applies the title, not only to the actual holder of the office, but also to all his living predecessors ( VU. 38 ; BJ II. xii. 6 ; IV. iii. 7, 9, 10 ; IV. iv. 3). And in both Josephus and NT the more in- fluential members of those families from which high priests were chosen are all called dpxiepcis.

But the phrase ' irl ipxtepfut 'kova xal KaC6.<pa, in the high priesthood of A. and C (Lk 3"), seems unparalleled. Ewald (H.I. vol. vi. p. 430, n. 3) conjectures that it is due to the fact that when the author wrote, ' they had become memorable in this association through the history of Christ's death.' The chief interest in Annas centres in the notice of him in Jn 18, which is complementary to the narrative of St. Luke, and corrects an apparent mistake made by St. Matthew and St. ^Ja^k.

The first two evangelists obscurely indicate two stages in the trial of Jesus (Mt 26" 27', Mk U"" 15'), but they transfer the events of the morning meeting of the Sanhedrin to the previous night. St. Luke avoids this apparent mistake, and leaves room (22") for such an informal inquiry as that of Annas really was.

When we bear in mind the predominant influence of the man, and the unscrupulousness of the whole proceeding, it seems unnecessary to suppose that Annas was either deputy (sagan) of the high priest (Lightfoot, Temple Service, \. 1) or president (k"»:) of the Sanhedrin (liaronius. Annals, followed by Selden, de Success. Pontif. i. 12) or chief examining judge, n n'3 3N (Ewald, ff.I. vol. ^^. p. 430). The interview of Jesus with Annas is described Jn 18"'^. It could have only one issue.

Jesoa was sent as a condemned prisoner for a more formal trial before Caiaphas and the Sanhedrin, as described by the Synoptists, but merely implied by St. John. (This is obscured In the Received text of v.'^, and still more in the AV, which renders the aorist as a pluperfect ; odr is read by B C* L X 1. 33.)

We have seen that the Sanhedrin at this time met in the headquarters of the Annas faction, so that it may have been when passing through the court from the apartments of Annas to the council chamber that ' the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter,' Lk 22«' (Westcott on Jn 18"). 2. 1 Es 9^', see Harim. N. J. D. White.