Astonished
This part, (the finite verb does not occur) had undoubtedly more force when AV was made than it has now. Perhaps the verb astound, which started off later from the orig. astonien or astunien, has carried away some of its strength. The orig. idea was to stun or stupefy as with a thunderbolt (Lat. exlonare 'to thunder'; cf. Milton, Hist, of Britain, 'Astonished and struck with superstition as with a planet'; and the Argument to Par. Lost. Bk. i.
, ' Satan with his Angels lying on the burning lake, thunderstruck and astonished') ; then to shock mentally, bewilder. The earliest occurrence of the part, seems to be in Coverdale's Bible (1535) at .ler 2'-, which was re- tained in AV, ' Be a., O ye heavens, at this, and be horribly afraid.' It is u.sed 14 times in OT astr. of 3;¥', once (Job26") of "~J, In NT it is tr" of iKTtX-naaa 10 times (9 times in Gosp.
, and always in ref, to Christ's words, except Mk 7" of His works ; once in Ac 131''' ' being a. at the teaching of the Lord ') ; of i^laTr)nt 6 times, of Bafiffew and BifiBos * 'The snflix i«A is, in most other words, only added where the derivation is from a French verb ending In -ir, and forming its pres. part, in -issant; so that the addition of it in the present case is unauthorized and incorrect.
It was probably added merely to give the word a fuller sound, and from some dislike to the form astomi, whicli was the form into which the M.E. astonien had passed.'— Skeat. Elyniol. Diet.' s.r. t In this great iiassage (Is :>•>") the edd. of .\ V subsequent to IftiS liave generally changed what Scrivener calls ' the pathetic aston ied ' into ' the more commonplace astonishtd.' The Camb. Bible restores it. ASTROLOGIAN ASTRONOMY AND ASTROLOGY 191 I wepi4xfi- once each.* RV retains 'a.'
throughout OT, but in NT changes it into 'amazed,' when the Gr. is other than ^kirX^effu. Astonishment is found only once in NT, Mk 5" 'they were a''' with a great a.' (RV 'amazed with a great amaze- ment,' Gr. (Kcrraffis) in ref. to the raising of Jairus' daughter. But RV aAda Mk 16' ' trembling and a. had come upon them ' (Gr. f/toroffit, AV ' they trembled and were amazed '). In OT a. is more frequent. In Ps eC ' thou hast made us to drink the wine of a.' (•ij'sn'?
, RV 'stafjgering'), the obs. )hysica] sense of stupefaction is conveyed. (Cf. 8 51" ' thou hast drunken the bowl of the cup of Btaggerinc [same Heb.], and drained it.') As tr" of ntp 'a. freq. means an object of a., and always in a strong sense; esp. in Jer., as 25" 'to make them a desolation, an a., an hissing, and a curse.' J. Hastings. ASTROLOGIAN is the more accurate form, having the classical termin. -anus added to a class, root.
But while the analogous form theologian held its ground, astrologer witli the Eng. term, -er drove this out. It is found in Dn 2", AV 1611, and Camb. Bible, but is replaced by astrologer in nearly all mod. editions. J. Hastings.