Augustus' band
A similar name is the Italian Band (Ac 10' ffirtipo 'IraXiK^). In each case RVm has 'cohort' for ' band.' The two designations have been fully discussed by E. Egli (to whom I am chiefly indebted in the fol- lowng article) in ZlVTh. xxvii. (1884) p. 10 ft". In both cases it may be said that there is no reference to Roman legionaries. Judtea from 6 A.D. to shortly before 70 A.D. was in the position of the ' inermes proinncise,' and was garrisoned only by auxiliary troops.
"The bulk of these auxiliaries were pro- vincials ; thus, in the case of Ciesarea, Josephus tells us (BJ II. xiii. 7 ; cf. Ant. Xix. ix. 2) that the larger part of the garrison consisted of Syrians. The Augustan and Italian bands (cohorts), there- fore, were not in any case legionary. The latter, no doubt, was one of the many ' cohortes civium Romanorum,' ' cohortes Italicorum voluntariorum,' which consisted of volunteers recruited in Italy, i.e.
for the most part of Italians who had been unable to find 8er\-ice in the Praetorian Guard. The Augustan band (which may or may not be identical with the Italian band) had the name ' Augustan ' as a title of honour. We read on an inscription : 'Ala Aug(usta) ob virtutem appel- lata' (Orelli's Corjrus, No. 3412). Egli, following Schiirer, is inclined to accept as proved that this title of honour was sometimes borne by auxiliary as well as by legionary troop.s.
We have, how- ever, no monumental evidence to pi^te that any Ciesarean cohort was called ' augusta.' As regards strength, a cohort sometimes nuni bered lUOO, sometimes 500 men. As regards com- position, a cohort was sometimes made up of 7()0 infantry and 240 cavalry. Such a cohort was called a ' militaria equitata. ' See Band, Captain. W. E. Barnes. AUL is the spelling in mod. edd. of AV. The spellin" of 1611 was 'aule.'
Wyclif (1382) has ' alle,' Ex 21" 'he shal thril his ear with an alle' (ed. 1388 'a nal,' a mistake arising from joining the n of ' an ' to ' awl,' the forms nal, nail, nalle, and nawl being found. Cf. Topsell (1607), 'The worm . . must be pulled out by some naul or needle '). Geneva Bible has ' awle,' (Coverdale, 'botkin'), RV 'awl.' See Awl. J. Hastings. AUTEAS (Ai^rafos, Hodiah RVm, Hodijah AVm). — A LeWte who taught the law under Ezra (1 Es 9*»). Called Hodiah, Neh 8'. AUTHORIZED YERSION.
-See Versions. AVARAN {Aiiapdr, Vulg. Abaron, Syr. JQ_»j (5auran), 1 Mac 2', but in C ^avapdv A, Aipav k V, Vul". Saura, Syr. as before), surname of Eleazar, the brotlier of Judas Maccabseus. The name probablj- signifies ' pale ' (pin, from im, to be white, or pale). H. A. White.