Cdp

1. In OT the rendering of rarious words, the precise distinction between which, either as to form or use, is unknown to us. The usual word is B\s k6i {wor-/ipioy, calix), the ordinary drinking- vessel of rich (Gn 40"- '»• ") and poor (2 S 12») alike, the material of which varied, no doubt, with the rank and wealth of the owner. Numerous illus- trations are found on the reliefs of the Assyrian palaces, such, e.g., as the cups in the hands of Assurbanipal and his queen, in a scene often re- produced. With these compare the specimens of pottery actually found on Jewish sou, in Bliss, Mound 0^ Many Cities, Nos. 174, 181, etc., and the illustration cited below. Joseph's divining cup (V'3; Gn 44') was of silver, and, we may infer, of elaborate workmanship, since the same word is used for the bowls (AV) or cups (RV), i.e. the flower-shaped ornamentation, on the candlestick of tlie tabernacle (which see for details, also Bowl). That the yjj was larger than the k6^ is clear from Jer 35». The nV"i? klsdvCth, of 1 Ch 28" (Phoen. cop, see Bloch's /"Aosn. Glossar, sub voce), were more probably flagons, as RV in Ex 25 37" (but Nu 4' RV cups). The 'aggan (\m Is 22«) was rather a basin, as Ex 24°, than a cup (EV). In NT ToHipiov is the corresponding name of the ordinary drinking-cup (water Mt 10* etc., wine 23>etc.). The 'cup of blessing' (1 Co 10") is so named from the •iji^n o'lS k6^ hahhirdkhah of the Jewish Passover (which see, also Lord's Supper). The cup represented on the obverse of the so-called Maccabeeau shekels may be a cup such as was used on this occasion. 2. The word cnp has received an extended figurative application in both OT and NT. (a) As in various other literatures, 'cup' stands, esp. in Psalms, for the happy fortune or experience of one's earthly lot, mankind being thought of as receiving this lot from tlie hand of God, as the guest the wine-cup from the hand of his host, Ps 16' 23» 73" etc. But al.so conversely for the bitter lot of the wicked, Ps 11' (cf. c, below), and in par- ticular for the Buflerings of Jesus Christ, Mt 20^- '", Mk lO"- •» 14», Lk 22«^ Jn 18". (6) Another figure is the 'cup of salvation' (lit. 'of deliverances'), Ps 116". The reference is to the wine of the thank-offerings (D'pi>f ), part of the ritual of which was the festal meal before J" (cf. vv."^"'). A striking parallel is found in the inscription of iSoin" • The Heb. !• limply ' let my right hand forget ' ( "J'C; njiffi), wtilch may be dealt with in three ways, 1. Ab a passive; eo LXX, iwtXnrSii^ n ixiti fi^v ; Vulg., olilivionl delur dexlera mea ; Luth., 80 werde meiner Rechtn vergessr-n ; Ostervald. que ma droite s'oublie elle-mOme ; Coverdale, ' let my right iiande be (orKotten. Hut the fleb. as It stands cannot be tH pajuively. X. As a corrupt t«xt. The simplest emendation is profmsed by Delitzach, njj'B, which gives the pain, at once, and with which may be compared Jer 23«. Other suggested emendations will be round In Cheyne, Book of f'galtnt, crit. n. in Inc. Hut Well- hausen (in Ilaupt) leaves the Hch. untouched and unnoticed. 8. As an elUpnls. 80 [>«1. as an alternative, ' let my right hand •how lt«elf forgetful • (cf. WycUf's tr. my rigt bond be gouun [given] to foryoting ' ; Cheyne, ' let my right hand deny iu service' (but in parchment ed. 1H84, 'let the strength of my right hand dry up') : Geneva. • forget to play' ; JJistiuiMi' Bible, ▲ V, and RV forget ner cunmnff.' of Gebal (Byblus), who is figured on his stele in the act of presenting such a cup of thanksgiving to the local deity (see his inscription in CiS i. 1). (c) By a still bolder figure the punitive wrath of the ollended Ueity is spoken of as a cup which the guilty, Israelites and heathen alike, must drain to the dregs. So Jer 25""- (the wine-cup [of] fury), Ezk 23'-'-»', Is 51"«- ('the cup of trembling' RV 'staggering'). Zee 12' (RV 'cup of reeling'), Ps 758, Rev 14" 16'" 18", for all wliicli see the com- mentaries, (d) Lastly, we have ' the cup of consola- tion (Trortipiov eh TrapdK\rt<riv)' ofl'ered to tue mourners after the funeral-rites were performed, Jer 16' (cf. Pr 31' and see Commentaries in loc. and Schwally, Das Leben nach d. Tode, § 8). A. R. S. Kennedy.