Cieled, cieling (Hastings' Dictionary)

This is the spelling of the Camb. ed. of AV of 1629, the ed. of 1611 having sided and siding in all tlie pa.ssages. Amer. RV prefers the mod. ceiled, enling. Wright (Biblt Wurd Boole-, p. 134) identities the word with led, to close a hawlc's eyes, and () notes — • But when we in our \nciou8nc88 jj^row hard, O misery on't I — the wine ^w\s aeel our eyes. Shaka. A /if. and Cltop. UL xllL lU. •Come, seeling ni(;)it, Scarf up the tender eye of pitiful day. MacUth, m. 11. M. I>ut Skcat (Etijmol.

Diet.' s.n.) denies the identi- fication or connexion. Cid, he holds, is from rirluin, ' heaven,' ' sky,' and has no connexion with .fill, .leal, or seel. Its meaning, therefore, is 'a canoypy ' : then, as vb., 'to canopy' or 'cover'; .ind the only meaning in AV, as in mod. Eng., viz. to cover with timber or iilnst«r, i.e. wainscot, is a later derivation. Th<i Heb. alwaj's means 'to cover.' In Ut 33'-' AVm gives 'cieled' (text, ' seated,' RV ' reserved,' the Heb. being .

fAphan ' to panel' [see Driver's note and Add. in Deut' ad I'lr.], tr-' 'cicl' in Jer '22'^ Hag 1*). The 'cieling' (iiiily 1 K 0", Ezk 41'°'") is any ]iart cieled, wall« 442 CILICIA CIRCUMCISION as well as roof, tlie roof indeed being formerly distinguished as 'the upper cieling.' J. Hastings. CILICIA (KiXi/c/a), a country in the S.E.

comer of Asia Minor, on the coast, adjoining Syria, always closely connected with Syria in manners, religion, and nationality, and generally more closely united with Syria than with Asia Minor in political and in Byzantine ecclesiastical arrange- ment. It was commonly divided into two terri- toiies— (1) on the W. (reaching as far as Pam- pliylia), Cilicia Tracheia {Aspera), a land of lofty and rugged mountains, drained by the considerable river Calycadnus ; (2) on the L.

, Cilicia Pedias (Campestris), a low-lying and very fertile plain between the sea and the mountain ranges Taurus and Amanus. The entire double country is summed up as C. in Ac 27°, a geographical de- scription or the lands touching the Cyprian Sea. But elsewhere it is clear that only the civilized and peaceful C. Pedias (in other words, the part subject to Roman rule) is intended when C. is mentioned in NT, whereas C.

Tracheia was inhabited by fierce and dangerous tribes, loosely ruled by king Archelaus of Cappadocia from B.C. 20 to A.D. 17, and by king Antiochus of Com- magene from A.D. 37 to 74. C. Pedias had been Roman territory from B.C. 103 ; and, after many changing arrangements for its administration, it was merged by Augustus in the great joint province SyriaCilicia-Phoenice probably in B.C.

27 ; and this system probably lasted through the 1st cent, after Christ (though temporary variations may possibly have occurred). Hence Syria and C. are mentioned together in such a way as to imply close connexion in Gal P', Ac IS*"- •' ; the combined Rom. province is there meant, over which the influence of Christianity spread from the two centres, Tarsus in C. and, above all, Antioch in Syria. The close connexion of C. with Syria arose from two causes — (1) C.

communicates with it by a very easy pass, the ' Syrian Gates ' (Pylce SyrvE, Beilan, summit level 1980 ft.), whereas the passes crossing Taurus into Lycaonia and Cappadocia are all difficult, incomparably the best being the ' Cilician Gates' (Pyl(S Cilicite, Gulek Boghaz, summit level 4300 ft.); (2) C. Pedias was long separated from Roman territory on the W. and N. oy a great extent of indepen- dent country, while it adjoined Rom. Syria. C.

has been identified wrongly with the Tarshish which is so often mentioned in OT (Gn 10 etc.), by some modem scholars, following Jos. Ant. (I. vi. 1), who says that C. was originally called 0aLpcr6t. That a large Jewish population existed in C. is evident from Ac 6 ; and it is rather strange that Cilician Jews are not mentioned in Ac 2'"". The existence of Jewish colonists in the Seleucid cities of C.

would be in itself highly probable, for they were always the most faithful and trusted adher- ents of the Seleucid kings in their foreign settle- ments ; and the Cilician Jews are alhided to by Philo, Leg. ad Gaium, § 36 (ii. p. 587, Mang.) St. Paul had the rights of a citizen of Tarsus (which see), as he mentions in Ac 21^ ; these rights must have been inherited, and they imply, beyond doubt, that there was a colony of Jews forrainfi part of the Tarsian State.

An interesting memorial of the religious influence exerted by the Jews in C. is attested by the society of Sabbatistai, men- tioned in an inscription, probably dating aliout the time of Christ, which was found near Elaioussa and Korykos (see Canon Hicks in Joum. of Hellenic Studies, 1891, pp. 234-236) ; this society was evidently an association of non-Jews in the Sractice of rites modelled, in part at least, on udaistic ceremonial. Literature.

— Cilioia is very sli":htly described in MoiLmsen, Provinces 0/ Rom. Emp. (Uoyni^me Geschichte, vol. v.) ch. viii. See Marquardt, limninche Stautxverwattung, \. pp. 379-392; Kanisay, Uui. Gcog. Asia Minor, pp. Stil-Syf ; Bent and Uickl in Joiim. of Hellenic Studies, 1S90, op. 231-254, 1891, pp. 209- 273 ; Sterrett, \Vol.fe Exped. in .4 na Minor, pp. l-12ft ; Lan^lois, Explor. A rchiol.

de la Cilicie (1857), and I oyaae daru la (^icit (IbbO) ; Davis, Lije in Asiatic Turkey (1879) ; Kotschy, Reitt in den cilici^chen Taurus iiber Tarsus (1858) ; Barker, Vilicia and its Governors (1863) ; Ritter, KUinasien (1859), ii. pp. 66-236 ; Heberdey and Wilhelm in Denkschri/ten der Akadjnnie, Wien, 1898. W. M. RAMSAV.