Cleopatra (Hastings' Dictionary)

A female name of great antiquity (Apollod. ii. 1. 5 ; //. ix. 556), and very common in the families of the Ptolemies and Seleucida;. 1. A daughter of Antiochus the Great. In B.C. 193 she was married to Ptolemj' Epiphanes, with the taxes of Cu;le-Syria and Pal. as her dowry (Jerome ad Dan. 11" ; Jos. Ant. Xll. iv. 1 ; App. Syr. 5; Liv. xxxvii. 3; Polyb. xxviii. 17). Alter her husband's dea*h she ruled with vigour aa regent for her son until her own death, in B.C. 173. 2.

A daughter of Cleopatra and Ptolemy Epi- phanes. She married in B.C. 17S her own brother Ptolemy Pliilometor (Ad. Est 11';, jnd afterwards her second brother Ptolemy Physcon (Liv. xlv. 13; Epit. 59 ; Justin, xxxviii. 8). Sne greatly favoured the Jews in Egypt (Jos. c. Apion. ii. 5), and en- couraged Onias iv. in the erection of the temple at Leontoiiolis (,Jos. Ant. Xlll. iii. '2). 3. A daughter of Cleopatra and Ptolemy Philo- metor. In B.C.

150 she was given in marriage by her father to Alexander Balas (1 Mac 10"- *" ; Jos. Ant. XIII. iv. 1). When Balas was driven into Arabia she became (B.C. 146) at her father's bidding the wife of his rival, Demetrius Nikator (1 Mac 11 '2; Jos. Ant. XIII. iv. 7; Liv. Epit. 52). Whilst Demetrius was detained in captivity amongst the Parthians, she married (B.C. 140) his brother, Antiochus Sidetes (Jos. Ant. XIII. vii. 1). Sidetes died in B.C.

128 ; but when Demetrius, after his restoration, sought helj) from Cleopatra, she refused to see him, and possibly instigated his murder (Jos. Ant. Xlll. ix. 3; Justin, xxxix. 1; Ajip. Syr. 68 ; Liv. Ejiit. 60). Her son, Antiochus Giypus, became king through her influence ; but, being detected in treason, she was compelled to take poison in B.C. 120 (Justin, xxxix. 2). 4. A native of Jerus., and wife of Herod the Great (Jos. Ant. xvii. i. 3).

She was the mother of Philip, telrarch of Itura'a (Lk 3'). R. W. Moss. CLOKE, so in both AV and RV instead of mod. cloak (S'l'O mi'il, •i^ijv' simlah, etc. ; I^dTioi", (rroXii, etc., Arab, jubheh, ah6n\ etc.) — The cloke was the ordinary upper garment worn over the coat (ki'thOncth). The two occur together in MtS*", Lk 6^. The prominent meanings in these dili'erent terms are those of spaciousness, length, ornament, envelopment.

Hence they are used to represent clothing in general, and translated 'apparel,' 'garment,' 'raiment,' 'vesture,' and metai)hori- cally aa the cloke of zeal (Is 59") or the robe oi righteousness (Is 61"). In size and material it varied according to age and sex, the class and occupation of the wearer : as shepherd, tradesman, jiriest, prince.

In shape it miglit be sewn up to liave the surplice fonii of the robe of the eplioil (Ex 39^), or be worn loose and open, like a Geneva gown or Spanish cloak. It was the ' garment' not to be kept as a forfeited pledge (Ex '22 ', Dt 24'^|, the 'garment' of Joseph in Potiphar's house (Gn 39''''). It is the equivalent of ' mantle,' ' robe.'

a» 450 CLOPAS CLOUD the robe that Jonathan gave to David (1 S 18^), Saul's cut robe (1 S 24), Samuel's robe (1 S 28'), the 'best robe' of tlie parable (Lk 15, ). The cloke of 2 Ti 4" (^cXAktjs) may have been a light mantle like a cashmere dust-cloak, in which the books and parchments were wrapped. The use of cloke in 1 Th 2° (T/)i0affis), 1 P 2'" (fViKdXu/i/ia) is general for covering, excuse. See Dress, under me'il. G. M. Mackie.

CLOPAS (AV Cleophas) is named only in Jn J9-' Mapid/ti 7) ToD KXwTra. As to his identity see Alpha;us and Brethren of the Lord. CLOSE in the sense of secret occurs Lk 9" ' they kept it c, and told no man' {iaiyriaat', RV 'they held their peace'). Cf. Pref. to 1611, ' How shall they understand that which is kept close in an unknown tongue?' The 'close places' of 2 S 22** = Ps 18" are castles or holds, places shut in with high walls, and so deemed safe. Cf.

More (1529), ' aJ close religious houses.' J. HASTINGS. CLOSET (from Lat. claudere, through Fr. closet, dim. of clos, ' an enclosed space '). — Any private apartment, as Shaks. Jul. Cses. III. ii. 134^ But here's a parchment with the seal of Cffisar ; I found it in his closet, 'tis his will ; Hamlet, u. i. 77— ' As I was sewing: in my closet The king's private secretary was called 'clerk of the closet.' Closet occurs Jl 2'° (nsn fr. irn 'to cover,' prob.

of the bridal tent, used also of the bride- groom's c, Ps 19»); Mt 6«, Lk 123 (^y 'inner chamber.' Gr. rane'iov, properly 'a storeroom,' as in Lk 12**: 'store-chambers,' says Plummer in loc., 'are commonly inner-chambers, secret looms, esp. In the East, where outer walls are so °asily dug through'). See House. J.Hastings.