Commune
In its earliest use 'commune' (wliirli had the same origin as 'common') siguilied to make common property, to share. This maj- be eitlier by giving, as Wyclif s tr. of I'h 4''' ' Ye lian don wel, comunynge to my trihulaciouu ' ; or by rercivinq, as his tr. of 2 .In " ' He tliat saith to him, lleyl, comuneth with his yuele werkis.' Being by and by restricted to speech, it meant sometimes simply ' tallc to,' as Gn 42-'' ' [Joseph] returned to them again, and communed with them ' (dhSn "iji;!
, RV ' and spake to them '). liut generally the sense of Iwlh giving and receiving is present, either with others, as Lk 6" 'tliey communed one with another what they might do to Jesus' {5ta.\a\(u) ; or with oneself, as \'s i* ' c. with your own heart upon your bed, and be .still ' — a meaning which Dr. Murray {Oxf. Eng. Diet, s.v.) describes as 'now only literary, devotional, and poetic' In 1 S 20" (AV ' And David sent and communed with Abigail') the Heb. ('3-.s^:!) is lit. 'spake eoncerning A.
,' and has the special meaning of 'asked in marriage,' as in Ca 8» (same Heb. ) AV and RV ' the day w hen she shall be spoken for.' J. Hashngs. COMMUNICATE Like commune (wh. see), to c. is to make common property, either more particu- larly by giving, as Gal 2- ' I c'*' unto them that gospel ' (avaTldf/uii., 'RV ' laid before them ') ; Ro 12" R V ' o'"' to the necessities of the saints ' ( AV ' dis- tributing'); He 13"> 'to do good and to c. forget not ' ; or by receiving, as Ph 4" ' ye did c.
with my affliction ' (RV ' had fellowship with '). Cf. Fenton (1579) ' Ca'sar the Dictator, of whom you beare the surname, and communicate in his fortunes.' But generally by giving and receiving equally, as Ph 4'° ' no church C'' with me as concerning giving and receiving' (RV 'had fellowship with me'). Communication is generally conversation,* as 2 K 9" ' Ye know the man, and his c' (RV ' what his talk was'); Col 3' 'filthy c. out of your mouth' (al(7xpo\oyla, RV ' shameful speaking ').
In 1 Co 1533 • evil c« corrupt good mannera,* RV takes the Gr. («jU4X/«f iuixui) m the sense of 'evil company,' Amer. RV 'evil companionships.' This is a new tr., Vulg. having 'colloquia mala'; Wyclif. 'yuel s|>echis'; Tindale, ' malicious speakinges'; Cranmer, 'evil wordes'; the Geneva, 'evil speakinges'; the Rheims and AV 'evil communicationB.' And it is not certain that it is a correct tr°. The vb. oi^ktm occurs in NT only in the sense of ' speak with ' (as in LXX, Jos. and mod.
Greek — see Kennedy, Sources of NT Grerk p. IS.")), and otux^at, which occurs only here, may well have the same meaning — a meaning towards which it tends more and more in later Greek. In eccles, usage it is the sermon {homily) of the Christian preacher. J. Hastings.