Emmanuel (Hastings' Dictionary)

See Immanukl. EMMAUS CE^AMoiJs). — 1- Lk 24" only. This place was 60 furlongs from Jerusalem. Some MSS follow K in reading ' an hundred and sixty ' ; but this is probably a corruption, to suit the views held as to the site m the 4th cent. A.D. ; for a journey of 320 furlongs, or 40 miles, in one day (see y^u. as, ». ss)^ would have been improbable. In the OnoTnasticon (s.v.) it is placed at Emraaus Nico- polis— now 'AmwOs, 20 miles from Jerus., near Aijalon.

Josephus, however, speaks of an Emmaus 60 furlongs from Jerusalem (Wars, VII. vi. 6), the habitation of a colony of Titus' soldiers. The direction is unknown. The name Kuldnieh or 'Colony,' and the distance from Jerus. (which, however, is not exact), have suggested the village 80 named in the valley W. of the Holy City. In the twelfth cent. Emmaus was shown at another village, Kubeibeh, to the N.W., at about the re- quired distance. To the S.W. of Jerus.

, near the main road to the plain, is a ruin called Khnmasah, which recalls the name of Emmaus. The distance is more than 60 furlongs, but perhaps not too great for a rough estimate. The site, however, remains uncertain. See SWP vol. iii. sheet xvii. 2. Emmaus Nicopolis is not mentioned in OT, but appears as a place of importance in the time of the Maccabees. It was in the neighbouring plain that the Syrian army was defeated by Judas (I Mac 3«- n 4», »).

Emmaus was one of the towTis fortified by Bacchides in order to 'vex' Israel (1 Mac 9*"-, Jos. Ant. XIII. i. 3). LmmATORB.— Robinson, liliP Iii. 147 f.; OuSrin, Jvdte, L »(.. 801 1.; Reland, Pal. 427, 758; Thomson. Land and Book, L 116, 123 ff., l:!2. ii. 69; Sehwarz, Dot heil. Land, p. 98; Neu- bauer, Gtog. du Talmud, 101 (., 162 f.; Bacdcker-Socin, Hdbk. to Pal. 141 ; Sepp, Das heU. Land, I. 42 ; PUfSt, 1876, 172, 174 ; 1879, 105; 1881, 46, 237, 274 ; 1882, 24, 69; 1883, 63. 66 ; 1884.

83, 189, 243; 1886, 116, 160; 1886, 17; Smith, BGHl 214; Schiirer, HJP L 1. 215, 236. iL 231, 253. 3869., II. I. I57ff.; Conder, Tent Work in Pal. 8. 140 ; Bible Placet, 73, 103 ; Keim, Jenui of Xazara, vi. 306 ; Caspari, Chronot.-Geog. Leffn Jetu \ Andrevn, Life of our Lord, 617-619. C. R. CONDKR. EMMER (A 'EAiMiip. B 'E/i7)p), 1 Es 9=".— In Ezr Iff" IMMEK. EMMERUTH (A 'E/i/ivpo^'e, B 'Epuvpot, AV Meruth), 1 Es S". — A corruption of Inimer in Ezr 2".

Probably 'E/ifirjp was first Grecized into 'E/iMW'. and the form in A arose from mistaking 'Efi/i-fipov for a nominative. The AV is due to the Aldine text, which has viol (k 'MripovS for v. 'Efi/x. H. St. J. Thackeray. EMULATION is now used only in a good sense, healthy rivah-y. But about Itill it wavered be- tween that and a distinctly bad meaning, 'am- bitious strife,' or ' malicious envy.'

Shakespeare uses it in both ways, and of the three occurrences in AV, two are bad (1 Mac 8'«, Gal 5™, both (ijXos) and one good (Ro 11" 'If by any means I iiiay provoke to e.', ft ttus Trapa^i}\iJi(Tu, RV ' to jeal- ousy'). The Douay Bible uses 'emulation' of God, after Vulg. cemulatio, in Ps 78"" ' in their grauens they provoked him to emulation,' where AV has 'jealousy' ('moved him to jealousy with their graven images'). For the sense of 'mali- cious envy' take the Rheims tr.

of Ac 7' 'the Patriarches through emulation, sold Joseph into ^■Etrypt.' Emulation and envy are distinguished and discussed by Trench, NT Synonyms, p. 83 fl'., in his article on the Gr. words irjKoi and ipedvos. J. Hastings. ENABLE occurs only 1 Ti 1", and it is used, without an infinitive following, in the obsolete or at least archaic sense of 'strengthen.' Cf. Mul- caster (1581), Positions, xli. 232, 'Exercise to en- able the body'; and Melvill, Diary (Wodrow, p.

280), ' obteining of God's mercie that night's reiio.se, quhilk I luiked nocht for, to inable me for the morne's action. ' J. Hastings. ENAIM (c'j-j!), probably the same as Enam (c;-V') which is mentioned among the towns of lowland Judah in Jos 15".

From the reference to Enaim in Gn 38"- " we gather that it was the name of a village on the road to Timnah ; and, as the incident recorded in this chapter is prefaced by the mention of the sojourn of Judah with his friend Hirah the Adullamite, the village possibly stood on the road between Timnah and AduUam. In Jos 15" Enam stands in the same group of towns with Tappuah and Adullam and Azekah.

The AV in its rendering Gn 38" 'in an open place' (RV 'in the gate of Enaim'), and Gn 3S^' ' openly by the way side ' (RV ' at Enaim by the way side ), has followed the explanation adopted by the Targums, the Pesh. Syriac, and the Latin Vulgate {in bivio itineris), on the supposition that 'enayim had its usual meaning 'eyes,' and was not a proper name. Cf. Jerome, who, comment- ing on the words 'Et sedit ad portam Enam,' remarks ' Sermo Hebraicus Enaim transfertur in oculos.

Non est ijjitur nonien loci ; sed est sensus: sedit in bivio, sive in compito, ubi dili- gentius debet viator aspicere, quod iter gradiendi capiat.' The Old Latin (Lyons Pant.) and the LXX (Khiv) rightly rendered the word as a proper name. The double form Enaim and Enam may be com- pared with Dothain and Dothan (Gn 37" and 2 K 6"). The meaning of the name was [iresuiiiably 'the two springs. Conder has identified it with Kh. Wady Alin, which is close to Beth-shemesh and En-gannim. H. E. Ryle.