Ephes - dammim (Hastings' Dictionary)

The place in Judah where the Philistines were encaniped at the time when David slow Goliath (1 S 17'). The same name appears in 1 Ch 11" a-s Pas-Dammim. The form O'si cjn is strange and probably corrupt (see Driver, .SVi;n. 292). W. J. Hk ECU Eli. EPHESIAN ('E(^<riot), an inhabitant of the city of Ephesus (which see), is a term used in Ac 19'"- **• " 21™. The usage of St. Luke is more correct than that of Stephanus Ryzant.

; the latter gives 'Eipiatvi as the ethnic ; but the coins and inscriptions show that in the local and universal us-ige '&<piaio% meant an inhabitant of the city, while 'E^jo-ees denoted a member of the tribe V^iptath, the first of the six tribes into which the E. jwpulation was divided (the other five were called iefJatrTij, T>j'ioi, KapT}valoi, VjVi^vvpiOi, MfpL^Lvaloi, of which — f^aar?) was added in compliment to Augustus, the total number having jireviously been five). "The term '^<piaioi.

is also applied in the Bezan and Philoxenian Syr. texts of Ac 20* to Tychicus and Trophinius, wlirn> the true reading is 'Asians' ('kaiavol, men of the province Asia). Trophimus was an E. (Ac 21-') : but we may fairly understand that St. LiiUe refrained from using that term about both Tychicus and Troiihiiiius, on the ground that it was not strictly applicable to the former. The reiuson can hardly be that Tychicus belonged to some other city of Asia, for tlie u.

sage in this verse leads the writer to state the city where each delegate was il4 EPIIESIANS, EPISTLE TO EPHESIAXS, EPISTLE TO a citizen ; and we sliould expect that lie would have mentioned Tychicus by the ethnic of liis own city. Moreover, Tychicus {)rol)ably inliahited Ephesus.

* We may, then, perliaps conclude that Tychicus, though a resident (incola), did not possess the citizenshiij of Ephesus ; and lience 'li^^irios, which strictly is restricted to citizens of Epiiesus, could not properly be used about him. There were many fauiilios of residents who, for various reasons, were not enrolled in any of the tribes, and were therefore not entitled to be called citizens of Ephesus.

The entry 'Afffa ^ 'E^eiros in a late Byzantine list of cities which had changed their names (pul)lished by Partliey, Hierodis Synecd. et yotUiat, p. 316 ; Burckhardt, Hierodis Synecd. p. 08) cannot be relied on to justify the taking of 'katavbi in 20^ as a mere synonym for E^^crtos : the document is not earlier than the 12th cent. (cf. the entries EiXixfa, KoXwvia, etc.), and aHbrds no trustworthy evidence for the usage of the time of St. Luke. W. M. Ramsay.