Orphan (Hastings' Dictionary)

The Heb. subst. oin: yathém, which occurs frequently throughout OT, is always ren- dered in LXX i“ ὀρφανός, which is properly an adj., ‘fatherless,’ ‘orphaned.’ The meaning is not bereft of both parents (of that there is not a single unmistakable example), but of the father only. The Heb. word is accordingly rendered ‘ fatherless’ in the Eng. versions, as in Ex 22™ ‘Your wives shall be widows, and your children fatherless.

’ This was not, however, because the English word She gt (formed from ὀρφανός through Old Fr. orphane) denoted, as it now does, one bereft of both arents. In the only case in OT in which yathim 1s translated ‘orphan’ (La 5°) the meaning is evi- dently fatherless, ‘We are orphans and fatherless, our mothers are as widows’ (LXX ὀρφανοὶ ἐγενήθη- μεν, οὐχ ὑπάρχει πατήρ, μητέρες ἡμῶν ὡς al χῆραι). The adj. ὀρῴανός occurs ΘΟΟΔΕΙΟΊΒΙΙΥ in Apocr.

, and is rendered ‘orphan’ in To 18, 2 Mac 8 (also 2 Es 2”, from Lat. orphanus). In NT there are only two occurrences (though Codex D adds another in Mk 192), viz. Jn 14%, Ja 1%. In both places the meaning is ‘fatherless,’ and that is the tr. of most of the Eng. versions in Ja 177(Tind., however, ‘frendlesse,’ Rhem. ‘ pupilles ). But in Jn 14¥% only Wye. has ‘fatherless.’ Tind.

introduced ‘ comfort- less,’ an unfortunate rendering, as it gave support to the widespread mistake that the Paraclete was to be sent chiefly to comfort the disciples (see PARACLETE). Tind. was followed by Cranmer, the Geneva, the Bishops, AV, and even RV (though AV and RV give ‘orphans’ in the marg., which is the text of the Rhemish version). J. HASTINGS. ORTHOSIA (Ὀρθωσίας), 1 Mac 1557,,, Ace. to Pliny this city was N. of Tripoli and S. of the Eleutherus (HN y. 17).

The Peutinger Tables place it 12 Roman miles N. of Tripoli, and 30 S. of Antaradus. Coins of the city exist of the time of eins Pius. The name has not been dis- covered. OSAIAS (A 'Qcalas, B om.), 1 Es 8 (LXX “ὴ = Jeshaiah (B Ὥσαίας, A 'Ica:d), Ezr 8%,