Sajlu

The father of Zimri the Simeonite chief who was slain, along with the Midianitish woman by Phinehas, Nu 25" (B SaX^jci., A 2aXu,, ir SaxZ). 1 Mac 2^ (SaX^M. hence AV Salom). SALUM (A SaXo*;» B om.), / Es 5- = Shallnm the head of a family of porters (cf . Ezr 2"). CaUed Sallumus, 1 Es 9^. '^'^"^bv'?.^ rir- bt"? oVo^^ftfJ [Utl^'^ask Ketea^of ^ in ^^^1,^^^^^^^^^^ ^ AV ' sreet'l).

— In the modem East some word or act of salutation accompanies all social intercourse tSe phrases and gestures be ng n^P^^'f J. ^/«°;^ °= to tlie occasion and the relationship of the parties It is against all the courtesies of Oriental life to deliver'any message. ««k information or pa^to any matter of business, without some form of salu- tation bv which inquiry is made after each other s weUare, and goodwill is^expressed.

Thus a traveller Teekin^ direction from a peasant by the roadside mutt Srst hail him by expressing a wish that his toU may bring an ample reward. Similarly, a purchaser on entering a shop, before mentioning wl at he wants or engaging in the usual sword- play about the price, must salute the merchant (viti. the wish that the day may prove oneof ^ess^ inc and profit.

Remoteness from cities and centres of civUization does not mean ignorance of such etiouette, as the Bedawin of the desert excel in ffio teness. No inferiority of position is aUowed to excuse the omission of such courtesy : the ^e.-ar at the door expects a salutation along with the copper or piece of bread, and. if refused oiicred to the host after partakmg of refresti. monts upon meeting a feTlow-traveller on the rolld anYon visits o1 respect to ecclesiastical or govorniuent officials. „„,i„rT.

nwps ^ Oriental salutation, ancient and modern "wes much of its originating motive and d'^tinttn en.ss of character to the toUowing facts of Oriental ^'^li^Th^ strong sense of personal <iionityo.mong OriLtals.

-m Job 29 there is an enn™«J'\t^^°^ ° the elements of Oriental gie^tness, and a destrip tion of the happiness of the man who is met- on every side by the reverence, obedience, and loving eratftude of those to whom he has been a bene- factor The same sense of dignity implies a quiche rec^mition of affront, and a strong feeing of inKtion when the claim to respect is repudi- ated Hence the complaint over tfie cessation of the wonted reverence i'n Job 30 The narrative m the Ck.

of Esther turns upon the salutation t^ia^ AtnrdMai refused to Hanian. Christ s urieui-ai Ers'would be deeply ^Uned bv the appea o the affronted guest Lk 1»-^), and by tie list oi indi^Ses helped upon the neglected .k>ng (Mt 25^^). The ancient sculptures and pa.

nings of Assyria and Eg>-pt show the forms of prostration 4 vChgods SiS kings were saluted and suppli^ cated Similar formalities are mentioned in the Bible as being employed in^ordinary^ sociaUife (Gn 32"-»; 33^ 1 S oyeu ui uiiiii»'>'*j — -■— ^ 5i)-3i)_ The usual salute ot • Both these pa'sages, judging by the context, evidently refer toth^^ele^^th^^^^ jranqu.Bhrf, in ''« 1^«" 't^' i^^uld have been encountered at the latter U the correct account, and that the lormer u an M this plac«.

ikk5^of^=i^o^:s;iris=i ! Slt:^^/^i^ t!:n5=^S ^ rrn IsYr Tite ^mX n,S: f'm'ol Slu rtion i's to'knelflnd clasp aU kiss the et ^telcetucitlUTn bXalf ^f o^esJu oTa l^nd ^ K 4") When words fail, and there are no more l!iL*t^;shed.thiso.toryof.^^^^^^^^^^ rner(Ps51>^). if is the power o^f weakness over 8tren<^th through the confession of weakness Si's -rr j .

issv'srw^tS urgent or important has to be done, the early morning is chosen, so that, if possible, Tff^°' S=r^^=^^v^rs^r'i"^^H^ £^'\=iniS-"Hrf^'s\i^f'^>^ bi^gfa'ense^T^e^dfd comfort in the salutation of peace io^'7V shdld^n, elp^vv). implying both the safety r^iiine^totectio^^^^^^^^^ \Tl"^^^ S>5"49'. 1 ChV2-, Mk 5-). The ques- SALUTATION SALVATION, SAVIOUR 357 and Cliristians shrink from bcsto.viny upon each o'.her the sjilutation of peace.

To the Moslem especially it seems heterodox to wish peace to tlie iniidcl, and an impertinence to be thus saluted by him. These limitations are left behind in Mt 5^'. Hence the directness of the question, ' Art thou for us, or for our adversaries?' (.Jos 5"), and the an.xious inquiry, ' Is it peace ? ' (2 K O""**). Hence al^o ihe abhorrence of deceitful salutation (Ps 28', Jer e" 8", Ezk 13'°).

The ordinary hail of travellers on the road is the old formula mentioned in Ps US", Mt 21" 23*', 'Blessed is he that conieth.' Among relatives and familiar friends the form of Balutation after an interval of separation is to kiss on both cheeks, or on each side of the neck. It is the kiss of brotherly love, and is frequently re- ferred to in Scripture (Gn 27=' 29"- " 31" 33-', E.x 4", Ps 85" ; cf.

Ko 1G'«, 1 Co 16=°, 2 Co 13" ' Salute one another with a holy kiss,' similarly 1 Th 5* ' Salute all the brethren with a holy kiss,' and 1 P 5" ' Salute one another with a kiss of love '). In the ca.se of children saluting their parents, scholars their teachers, and servants their masters, the custom is to stand, and, bowing down, to kiss the hand. In Oriental letters the opening sentence frequently begins with the e.xpression, 'After kissing 3'our hands,' as a token of respect.

This reverential salutation of ki.ssing the hands is always given to priests, rabbis, and sheikhs of religion. It was the salutation claimed by the Pharisees (Mk 12**). Absalom chan<'ed the salutation of respect to that of equal friendship (2 S 15°-'). There prevails at the present time a compromise of courtesy by which one seizes the li.

and of a friend in order to give the kiss of veneration, but the other defeats the design by quickly withdrawing his hand as soon as his lingers have been touched. See art. Kiss. in Bil)le instances of salutation, where one person falls upon the neck of another, the Heb. word for ' neck ' (ik;? znvvdr) is used in the dual [probably not plural] as indicating the two sides that are ki.s.sed (tin 27'» 33 45" 46=^, Ca 4»).

In Oriental salutation great attention is paid to asking after each other's health and general wel- fare, in the course of a call of courtcsj- or on an occasion of meeting. It is exceedingly trying to a Western, who craves some exchange of tliought, to have to answer these repeated inquiries after his health, more especially as every such inquiry begins another circulating decimal of devout commonplaces.

It is owing to the prominence given to this matter that the visit of salutaLion in the Bible is often described as a health-inquiry ( 1 S lOMT"' 30-' liV gives the more general ' salute ' instead of 'ask of welfare' in 1 Ch 18'°). The union of reverence and all'ection in salutation is exei.iplilicd in Ex 18', IS 20'", 2S 14». The Balutation of bowing and kissing was employed in the wcjrship of Baal (Job 31-'', 1 K 19'").

The injunction, 'Salute no man by the way' (2 K 4», Lk 10*), referred to the inevitable delay Imposed by common courtesy in asking and answer- ing formal inquiries as to health, family, etc. The special responsibility of one sent by another is recognized by the (Jrientals, and the messenger is saved from the charge of rudeness by a proverb which says, ' The messenger has only to deliver his message.

(3) T/te deep-seated convirtion t/tat both blcsaing and cursing in salutation tend to work out their fulfilment. — It was of inijiortance to give or to withhold the salutation of ]ieace. The sahitation »t parting took the form of a benediction (Ku l"- ', 1 S 20^ 2 S ly"), and consequently the same word might mean 'rejoice 'or ' farewell ' (I'li 4*). This form of salutation is exemplitied in rich fulness at the close of the Pauline Epistles.

When Christ said that the ' peace ' He gave was not after the custom of the world, He referred to the emptiness that had come to mark salutations that once expressed a precise meaning and a sincere desire (Lk 24*", Jn 14-'' 20'"). The disciples were told that when they went forth in His name, and invoked the Divine blessing on a house, and were refused admittance and hospitality, then the blessing returned to those who had uttered it.

It was their introduction to what has since become a familiar law in the Christian service, that whatever il forfeited for the Lord is found in llim. G. M. Mackie.