Tire

The Eng. word ' tire,' which occurs as a subst. = headdress in Is 3i9, Ezk 24"- ^, Jth 10' 16", is simply an aphetic form of ' attire ' ; it has nothing to do with 'tier' or 'tiara,' though its special application to the dress for the head is per- haps due to such a fanciful connexion. Cf. Adams, II Peter, 70, ' They metamorphose their heads, as ii tliey were ashamed of the liead of God's making, f)roud of the tire-woman's.

Sometimes one tire 18 lalf the husband's rent-day ' ; also Spenser, FQ II. ix. 19— ' Her yellow golden heare Wae trimly woven, and in tresses wrought. No other tire she on her head did weare, But crowned with a garland of sweete rosiere.* The verb ' to tire' is used more generally = dress, adorn, as I P 3' Tind.

, ' For after tiiis maner in the olde tynie dyd the holy wemen which trusted in God, tyer them selves, and were obedient to theii TIRHAKAH TIRZAH 779 husbandes'; though its only occurrence in AV has the sense of attiriiiy the head, 2 K9-'' ' And she painted her face, and tired her head, and looked out at a window.' The Heb. verb in this last pas- 8a''e is 3'!;'n, lit. to make a thing good, right, beautiful (LXX 6.ya.e0v(ii>) ; cf. its use in K.

\ 30' (of trimming a lamp) and Hos 10' (of erecting goodly muzzebahi). The nouns rendered 'tire' are — I. ins Ezk 24"- '■^. This word prob. denotes a tiara or turban of an ornate character. Its other occurrences are E.\ 39'^, Ezk 44'» (both of the headdress of the priests). Is S"' (worn by fashionable ladies) 61'- '" (in the last the bridegroom 'makes his headdress priestly,' in allu- sion to the splendour of, or the special way of folding, the priestly turban [unless, with Marti, et al.

, we read ]•;; for p;:])- 2. D-inqy Is 3". See Crescents. 3. iilrpa, Jth 10^ 10^ J. Hastings. TIRHAKAH (nprnp), king of Cush (Oapd [so 15 in 2 Kings ; A Oapaxd, which is read also by B in Isaiah ; Luc. QapSdK] /SaffiXeui AiOiiiruiv), marched out from Kgypt against Sennacherib during the e.Npedition of the latter against .Jud.va, in the reign of Hezekiah (2 K 19^, Is 37"), immediately before the destruction of Sennacherib's army in the night by the angel of the Lord at Libiiah. Herodotus (ii.

141) relates that Sethos or Sethon, king of Egypt and priest of Hephsstus, obtained the de- struction of the army of Sennacherib from his god, who at night-time sent a host of held mice into the invaders' camp at Pelusium. The mice devoured the bow-strings and harness, and left the foe help- less. ' Sethon ' seems to be simply the title of the priest of ' Heph.-Bstus,' i.e. Ptali of Memphis (see Grithth, Stories of the High Priests of Memphis, p.

8), and this title is hardly conijiatible with that of king. If Sennacherib's expedition be that of B.C. 701, — the only e.xjiedition to these parts recorded in his annals (see art. Sknnacherir), — it must have taken place before the reign of Tirhakah, which began m 691.

This evidence combined points to the following hypothetical reconstruction of the episode: Tirhakah, before his elevation to the Ethiopian- Egyptian throne, was governor of Lower Eg3pt ; and at its capital, Memphis, he was high priest of Ptah when Sennaiherib threatened invasion ((Iriflith, I.e. p. 10). After some signal and unex- pected disaster on the frontier of Palestine or Egypt, Sennacherib was compelled to retreat hastily. To return to facts : Sennacherib died in B.C. 682.

Tirhakah (Egyp. THRQ), who was the last king but one of the 25th (Ethiopian) Dynasty, — founded by Shabaka, — began to reign in (J91. His monvinients are found at Gebel Uarkal in Nubia, as well as throughout Egypt. In Egj'ptian documents Tir- hakah is entitled 'Pharaoh' ; but, though probably long resident in Egypt before ascending the throne (Schaefer, Aegyp. Ztschr. 1900, 51), he was essenti- ally an Ethiopian, and was for some time excluded from Egj-jit oy the .'\>syrian3.

Outside Egypt, doubtless, he was known as ' king of Cush.' After sustaining several attacks, Tahanja (Assyr. Tarku) was driven out of Egypt in 070 by Esarhaddon, who plundered Memphi.s and Thebes, and divided the government among 20 rulers — chielly native — tributary to Assyria. This arrangement was of short duration, ^firhakali seems to have returned to Egypt after Esarhaddon had withdrawn, and Esarhiuldon was on his way to punish the Egyp- tian revolt when he died in Nov. 009 (.

Johns in Kiie. Jiibl. s.v. ' Esarhaddon '). The hrst cxi)cdition of his successor, Assurbanipal, was against Egj-pt. It W!is on a great scale, ami overwhelmed both Lower and Upper EjQfpt. "I'irhakah tied from Memphis to Thebes, and from Thebes to Ethiopia, whence ho at once commenced intriguing Avith the princes of the 1 )clta. The plot was frustrated, and soon afterwards I'irhal^ah di«d. He was succeeded by Tanut-Anion (Assyr.

Tandamane), who recovered Egypt, but was driven out by Assurbanijial in the last Assyrian expedition ever made against that country. F. Ll. Griffith.