Ungracious

This Eng. word occurs in 2 Mao 4" 'this ungracious Jason' ('liff<-ii> 6 fuapbi, RV 'vile') 8" 'that most ungracious Nicanor' (o Toi<raXi^p.os SiKavwp, RV ' thrice-accursed'), l.i' ' the most ungracious wretch ' (6 rpivaXiHipios, liV ' the thrice-accursed wretch '), always in tlie sense now conveyed by graceless. So Mt IS^^ in Cran- mer's Bible, ' O thou ungracious servaunt (Gr. AouXe xoi-npO. Cf. Erasmus, Crede 45, ' Rejoysynge in synne and ungratiousnes ' ; Hos 7' Cov.

' \\ hen 1 undertake to make Israel whole, then the un- I'raciousnesse of Ephraim and the wickednes ol Samaria commeth to light.' J. HASTINGS. UNICORN (CN1 and ciT! rff^m, on rSm; cf. Assyr. rimu [see Schrader, ^"-4 r» 456]).-The vari- ous forms of the Heb. word refer to an anima , characterized by its great strength (Nu 23»^ 24 ).

untameableness (Job 39«- '«), fleetness and activity (I's 29"), noted for its horn (Ps 92"), of which it had more than one (Dt 33" nx-i -Jip ' horns ofa rt'VVn,' not pi. as in AV ' unicorns ; cf Ps 2^ 01J-1 'r\S ' horns of rgms'), associated with buUockJ UNKNOWN GOD UE OF THE CHALDEES 835 »nd bulls (Is 34'). All of these references soem to jioint to a well-known animal, probably of llie ox tribe.

Certairilj- they do not refer to tlie fabulous unicorn, a rendering which has been adopted from the LXX iJ.ovoKipu>%, which is the word in all the above passages except the last, where tlie rendering is dopoi = ' strong ones.' The Arab, rtm is undoubtedly a white antelope, probably the Uucoryx. Some of the above references would Buit this animal. liut most of them seem to imply a creature of the ox sort, and one of the strongest and fiercest of its group. RV tr. it ' wild ox,' m. 'ox-antelope.'

Two specios of wild oxen once abounded in Palestine. One, Bo.iprimigeniiis, the Auerocks- of the Old Germans, is now quite extinct everywhere. The other. Bison bonasits or Bos urns, which the Germans erroneously call the Auerocks, still exists in the forests of Lithu- ania and in the Caucasus. The latter cannot be the rS(m, on account of the shortness of its horns. The former was noted for its size, and the prodigious length and strength of its horns.

It existed in Ger- many down to tlie time of Cajsar (Bell. Gall. vi. 28), and is depicted on the monuments of Assyria as one of the animals bunted by the kings of that country. (See art. Assyria, vol. i. p. 182''). Relics of it are found in the bone brecchia oaves of Lebanon, and in the lake-dwellings of Switzer- land. It is probable that it was not extinct until the Middle Ages. It is every way likely that this is the animal intended by the ri'em. Cf. Tristram, It'at. Hist, of Bible, 146 S.

, and Driver, Deut. 407. G. E. Post. UNKNOWN GOD liyvaffros ffeis).— In his speech at Athens, St. Paul begins by referring to the uni- versal interest in religious matters shown by the Athenians. In passing through the city he had seen an altar dedicated TO THE UNKNOWN GOD {iyfurrif ffei?) He makes this the text of his speech, saying that that Divine power which they ignorantly worshipi)ed he would declare to them (Ac 17^). An exact parallel to this inscription is not known.

An inscription is quoted from Eu- thalius(ed. Zacagn. p. 514) : Sfois Airfas xai EvpuT-qs ital Ai^Cnjt, 6eui dyuuarifi xal iivtfi. According to Jerome (on Tit 1"), the Athenian inscription was Deis ignotis ct pereqrinis. Other quotations are Pans. I. i. 4 : QiCiv ayvwaruiv koX iipiiur ; Philaster, Vit. Apoll. vi. 3: 'A6t]vt](7iv, ou xal CLyvuiaruv Sax^dvwv Pu/iol 'iSpwTai. None of these give the parallel required, but all suggest that such an inscription would be po.ssible.

Tlie whole point of the inscrip- tion lay in its being in the singular; and it is quite uncalled for to suggest, as Blass does, that St. Paul wrote originally in the plural because the neuter {i . . toDto) in the next verse is changed by later MSS into the masculine (see Blass, ad loc). A. C. Hkadlam. UNLEAVENED BREAD. Passovek. See Leaven and