Vile

'There are many places in the Bible in which vile is not meant to convey tlie idea wliiuli it now possesses of what is phy.sically and morally detestable, but has simply the force of the Latin t*i7i.5, properly cheap, and then common, litfhtly esteemed, or at most looked dovtn upon. This, no doubt, is the sense which the Translators of 1611 intended to express in Ph 3^' ; for the Greek is TaTclvwrii, lowliness, low estate — as it is rendered in the MagniJ!

cat, "the lowliness, or low estate, of his handmaiden " ; and the contrast is simply be- tween the lowly earthly body which we at i)resent bear, and the future jjlori lied body which has been made like unto the risen body of Christ.' — Driver in Expos. Times, Jan. 1"JU2, xiiL 1G7. This earlier meaninf; of ' vile ' is seen in Erasmus, Cnde, 106, ' He whome thou despysest as vyle borne, is thy brother' ; p. 1.'57, 'Thou being proude of the palace, do.

ste mocke and skorne the vyle and lioiiielye cotat;e of the pore man'; Udall, Erasmus' A'T, ii. 2'J, 'The heavenly father dooeth garnishe and clothe so freshely tlie vile gra-sse, which shortely shall perishe ; Ridley, Bre/e Declaration, 122, ' The crafte either of fyshyng, •whiclie was Peter's ; or of makynge of teiites, which was Panics, were more vile then the science of phisicke [which was Luke's].' But the word liiul already a stronger meaning than tliis.

Thus Pre/are to AV, ' Ebionitcs, that is, most vile IiiTetikcs' ; Uolding, Calvin's Job, 582, 'Thou vile toade.' rhe examples of ' vile ' In AV may be classified thus — 1. Common, jmltry. of gmaUtKXount, Ps I2(r«^u/A) ; Jerl61fi, La I" ((z<ifof )).. Ier2«i'(»/i(7nr); Wis ll'»(iiTiA lit, RV wretched'), 1314 (,;riAr.(, KV ' paltry ) ; I'll 321 (t.h,,«.-,() ; Ja 22 (fi.«(). 2.

Detpieahle, eonUmptiblf (with moral reprobation), Dl 268 {kiildh) ; 1 8 3>3, 2 8 622, Job 4(l4 (RV correctly ' of small account ), Nab 114(all Isatal): I 8 16»((JvAmiteiA) ni6;«/i); l>n 1121 (t(«.iA). & Sham^ul, abominable (with religious a« well aa moral reprobation, almost equivalent to impious, see Fool), 2 8 1^ tor a/); Job iss (lumM); Wis 418 ^iT,^M)■, 2 Mac 163- (/u.^) RO 1^ (xrifi^it).

AV mistranslates Job 30^ : render as RV **rhey are Bconrged out of the land" (the verb is [ndka'], to smite). J. Hastings.