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Biblexika

Polonnaruwa

EasternBuddhistcitySouth Asia993 CE - 1293 CE
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Location

Country
Sri Lanka
Region
South Asia
Coordinates
7.9403, 81.0188
Era
993 CE - 1293 CE
Site Type
City
View on the Sacred Geography map

About

Sri Lanka's medieval royal capital, containing the best-preserved ruins of Parakramabahu I's Buddhist city including the monumental Gal Vihara rock-cut Buddha sculptures.

Significance

The pinnacle of medieval Sri Lankan Buddhist civilization; the Gal Vihara's colossal rock-cut standing and reclining Buddhas are among the finest Buddhist sculptures in South Asia.

History & Historical Arc

Became capital when Anuradhapura fell to Chola invasion in 993 CE; reached its height under King Parakramabahu I (r. 115

Archaeological Notes

The Parakrama Samudra (Sea of Parakrama) irrigation reservoir covers 2,591 hectares and remains in use today. Over 100 m

Key Features & Structures

  • Gal Vihara rock-cut Buddhas (4 images)
  • Vatadage circular relic house

Visitor Information

Archaeological Park open daily; requires a Cultural Triangle ticket. Located 216 km northeast of Colombo.

Related Figures

King Parakramabahu IKing Nissanka Malla

In the Bible

Source References

  • UNESCO World Heritage List #201
  • Culavamsa (Sri Lankan chronicle)