Bible Word Study
אֲבַגְתָא
ʼĂbagthâʼ · Abagtha, a eunuch of Xerxes
אֲבַגְתָא
Abagtha, a eunuch of Xerxes
Definition
Abagtha is the name of one of the seven eunuchs who served King Ahasuerus (Xerxes I) in the Persian court, as recorded in Esther 1:10. His role was specifically to attend to the king, likely as a chamberlain or personal attendant. The name is of foreign, likely Persian, origin, and its meaning in the original language is uncertain. As a proper noun, it refers only to this specific individual in the biblical text, with no other senses or meanings.
Biblical Usage
The word is used only once in the Old Testament, in Esther 1:10. It appears in a list of the seven eunuchs commanded by King Ahasuerus to bring Queen Vashti before him during his feast. The usage is strictly as a personal name within the historical narrative of the book of Esther, which is set in the Persian Empire.
Etymology
The name 'Abagtha' is explicitly noted as being 'of foreign origin' (Esther 1:10). It is almost certainly derived from Old Persian, though its precise etymology and meaning are lost. It may be related to a Persian word or title, but no definitive Hebrew root exists, highlighting the book's authentic setting in a foreign court.
Semantic Range
As a eunuch (סָרִיס, saris, H5631) in the Persian court, Abagtha held a position of trusted service and access to the king, but was also culturally marginalized. Eunuchs were often castrated officials who oversaw the royal harem and household, ensuring no threat to the royal lineage. His Persian name and role underscore the book of Esther's authentic depiction of Jewish life in the Diaspora, surrounded by foreign customs and power structures. Harbona (H2726) — Another of the seven eunuchs listed in Esther 1:10. Bigtha (H903) — Another of the seven eunuchs listed in Esther 1:10. Mehuman (H4104) — Another of the seven eunuchs listed in Esther 1:10.
Word Details
How this works
Definitions are from the Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (BDB, 1906, public domain). Concordance and morphology data are from the OSHB (Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible).
Full methodology & sources →References
- Abbott-Smith, G. (1921) A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament. Edinburgh: T&T Clark. [Public Domain]
- Brown, F., Driver, S.R. and Briggs, C.A. (1906) A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [Public Domain]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Tyndale Brief lexicon of Extended Strongs for Greek (TBESG). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Translators Formatted full LSJ (TFLSJ). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Thayer, J.H. (1889) A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. [Public Domain]
- Gesenius, W. (1846) Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament. [Public Domain]
- Dodson, J. (2010) Greek Lexicon. Biblical Humanities. [CC0]